282 BRASSICACEAE 



hairs, the stem erect, 2-10 dm. high, branched and rather succulent, leafy up to the racemes. 

 Basal leaves with 3-8 pairs of leaflets, these oblong to obovate, toothed or entire ; petals white ; 

 fruiting pedicels ascending or divergent, 4-6 mm. long; pods very slender, 1.5-3 cm. long, less 

 than 1 mm. wide ; style about 1 mm. long. 



In swamps and wet places, mainly Transition Zone; British Columbia to Newfoundland, south to Nevada 

 County, California, Colorado, and Florida. Type locality: Pennsylvania. May-June. 



10. Cardamine oligosperma Nutt. Few-seeded Bitter-cress. Fig. 2039. 



Cardamine oligosperma Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1 : 85. 1838. 



Annual, sparsely hirsute throughout or nearly glabrous, the stem erect, simple or little- 

 branched, 1-4 dm. high. Basal leaves rosulate, pinnate; leaflets 5-11, petiolulate, oval to orbicu- 

 lar, 1-5-lobed or -toothed; racemes few-flowered; petals spatulate, about 2.5 mm. long; fruit- 

 ing pedicels ascending, 3-6 mm. long; pods erect, 2-3 cm. long, 1-1.25 mm. wide; beak 1 mm. 

 long or less. 



Moist or wet places, in woods, Upper Sonoran and Transition Zone; British Columbia and Idaho to 

 southern California. Type locality: Shady woods of the Oregon [Columbia]." March-July. 



28. DENTARIA [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 653. 1753. 



Perennial herbs, with fleshy horizontal scaly or toothed rootstocks, and erect, mostly 

 simple stems leafless below. Leaves 3-divided or palmately laciniate or sometimes nearly 

 entire, the basal (rhizomal) arising from the rootstocks and free from the flowering stem, 

 long-petioled, the stem leaves 2 or 3, occurring at or above the middle of the stem. 

 Flowers white or purple, corymbose or racemose. Style elongated. Pod linear, flattened 

 parallel with the partition; valves nerveless or only faintly 1-nerved, elastically dehiscent. 

 Seeds in 1 row in each cell, wingless ; cotyledons thick, accumbent. [Name Greek, mean- 

 ing tooth, in reference to the tooth-like divisions of the rootstock.] 



About 12 species, natives of the northern hemisphere. The species are sometimes called Pepperwort, from 

 their pungent rootstocks. Type species, Dentaria pentaphyllos L. 



Rhizomes slender and elongated, if tuberous the tubers not over 3 mm. thick. 1. D. tenella. 

 Rhizomes tuberous, 5-10 mm. thick. 



Tubers 7-10 mm. thick, orange-yellow; petals deep purple. 2. D.gemmata. 

 Tubers less than 7 mm. thick, whitish; petals white or rose. 



Siliques 2.5—4 mm. wide; rhizomal leaf coarsely 5-9-toothed above the middle; stem leaves usually 



simple. 3. D. pachystigma. 



Siliques 1.5-2 mm. wide; rhizomal leaf simple or lobed with entire, undulate or sinuate margins; 



stem leaves 3-5-foliolate except in var. cardxophylla. 4. D. californica. 



1. Dentaria tenella Pursh. Slender Toothwort. Fig. 2040. 



Dentaria tenella Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 439. 1814. 

 Cardamine Nuttallii Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2:389. 1887. 

 Cardamine tenella O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. 32: 389. 1903. 



Rhizomes slender, elongated, about 3 mm. thick and 15-50 mm. long, rarely ovoid, plant 

 glabrous throughout, stem slender, 1-2 dm. high, simple. Rhizomal leaves usually simple, rarely 

 3-5-lobed, orbicular, cordate, 1 . 5-4 cm. long, crenately 5-9-toothed or -lobed ; stem leaves 1-3, 

 on the upper part of the stem, 3-foliolate or rarely 5-foliolate ; leaflets narrowly lanceolate to nar- 

 rowly ovate, usually entire; raceme few-flowered; petals 9-15 mm. long, rose-colored; siliques 

 15-50 mm. long, about 1.5 mm. wide; style slender, 3-6 mm. long; stigma capitate; fruiting 

 pedicels 1-3 cm. long. 



Moist meadows, Humid Transition Zone; British Columbia south, west of the Cascade Mountains Divide, 

 to Josephine County, Oregon. Type locality: banks of the Columbia River, somewhere below the Cascades. 

 March-May. 



Dentaria tenella var. pulcherrima (Greene) Detling, Amer. Journ. Bot. 23: 573. 1936. (Dentaria macro- 

 carpa Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1 : 88. _ 1838. Cardamine pulcherrima Greene, Erythea 1: 148. 

 1893. Dentaria macrocarpa var. pulcherrima Robinson in A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. I 1 : 154. 1895.) 

 Plants stouter, the foliage rather thick and fleshy; rhizomal leaves 3-5-foliolate. Moist woods, the common 

 form in the Columbia Gorge extending eastward to Wasco, Oregon, and Yakima, Washington; also to Mount 

 Rainier, Washington, and southwestern Oregon. 



2. Dentaria gemmata (Greene) Howell. Yellow-tubered Toothwort. Fig. 2041. 



Cardamine gemmata Greene, Pittonia 1: 162. 1888. 



Dentaria gemmata Howell, Fl. N.W. Amer. 1: 49. 1897. 



Cardamine californica var. gemmata O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. 32: 387. 1903. 



Rhizomes ovoid, 7-10 mm. thick, orange-yellow, stems rather stout, 10-25 cm. high, simple. 

 Rhizomal leaves 3-5-foliolate, the leaflets ovate, \-\ cm. long, thick, sinuately lobed or toothed, 

 the teeth or lobes mucronate, petiolulate or subsessile; stem leaves usually 2, 3-7-foliolate, the 

 leaflets sessile and often confluent, oblong to narrowly lanceolate, 1-2.5 cm. long, entire or the 

 terminal leaflets sometimes coarsely toothed; raceme short, seldom over 4 cm. long; petals 10-15 

 mm. long, deep purple; siliques 3-5 cm. long, 1-2 mm. wide; pedicels 15-20 mm. long; style 

 about 5 mm. long ; stigma capitate. 



Wet banks and shallow running water, Transition Zones; Josephine County, Oregon, to Del Norte County, 

 California. Type locality : near Waldo, Oregon. 



