CROWFOOT FAMILY 193 



sometimes tinged with purple, mostly elliptic-obovate, 8-15 mm. long; fruiting heads nodding, 

 achenes hirsute-pubescent; styles scarcely 1 mm. long. 



Shadv woods Transition Zone; Coast Ranges of southern Oregon to the Santa Cruz Mountains, California, 

 extending inland to Siskiyou County. Type locality: California, but definite locality not given. April-May. 



Anemone quinquefolia var. oregona (A. Gray) Robinson in A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. H 13. 1895. 

 (A oreaona A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 308. 1887. A. A damstana Eastw. Proc. Calif. Acad 20: 

 141 1931 A Piperi Britt. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 153. 1902.) Basal leaf usually present, trifoliate; 

 seoals 10-20 mm. long, blue or pink or rarely white; head of fruit nodding. Shady woods, Transition Zone; 

 Cascade Mountains, chiefly on the eastern slope in Washington and Oregon, extending to the Siskiyou Moun- 

 tains where it shows marked variations in foliage, and seems to intergrade with the preceding variety. 



Anemone quinquefolia var. Lyallii (Britt.) Robinson in A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. I 1 : 13 1895. {A. 

 Lyallii Britt. Ann. N.Y. Acad. 6: 227. 1891.) Basal leaf usua ly present, trifoliate; sepals only 4-6 mm. 

 long usually white, sometimes tinged with pink or blue; fruiting head nodding. Shady woods. Boreal Zones, 

 Cascade Mountains, British Columbia to Oregon, also in the Olympic Mountains, Washington. This is probably 

 only a small-flowered form of variety oregona. 



12. PULSATILLA [Tourn.] Mill. Gard. Diet. Abr. ed. 4. 1754. 



Scapose perennial herbs with stout rootstocks. Basal leaves long-petioled, palmately 

 divided or compound ; stem leaves 3, forming an involucre remote from the flower. Sepals 

 petaloid. Petals none. Stamens numerous, the outer often sterile. Achenes numerous, 

 forming a head in fruit and furnished with elongated persistent plumose styles. [Name 

 Latin, unexplained.] 



A genus of about 18 species, natives of the north temperate and subarctic regions. Type species, Anemone 

 Pulsatilla L. 



1. Pulsatilla occidentalis (S. Wats.) Freyn. Western 

 Pasque-flower. Fig. 1810. 



Anemone occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 121. 1876. 

 Pulsatilla occidentalis Freyn, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 8: 78. 1890. 



Stems 1-6 dm. high, silky-villous. Basal leaves ternate, the silky-villous divisions twice 

 pinnately dissected, the ultimate segments narrowly linear and acute; involucral leaves similar 

 but smaller and short-petioled ; sepals oval to oblong, 20-25 mm. long, white or tinged with 

 purple; achenes villous, becoming reflexed in age; styles long-silky-plumose, 2.5-3 cm. long. 



Gravelly or rocky slopes, Arid Transition and Boreal Zones; Alaska to the southern Sierra Nevada, Cali- 

 fornia, east to Alberta and Montana. Type locality: "In the mountains from British Columbia southward to 

 Mount Shasta and Lassen's Peak." June-Aug. 



13. CLEMATIS L. Sp. PI. 543. 1753. 



Erect perennial herbs or more commonly half-woody climbers. Leaves opposite, com- 

 pound, with the petioles curved or twisted and aiding to climb. Flowers solitary or several, 

 on axillary peduncles, perfect, dioecious or polygamo-dioecious. Sepals 4-5, petaloid, 

 spreading or erect, valvate. Petals none, sometimes simulated by enlarged petaloid fila- 

 ments of the outer stamens. Pistils and stamens many. Fruit a head of 1 -seeded achenes, 

 with elongated plumose styles. [Ancient Greek name for some climbing plant.] 



A genus of about 170 species, of wide geographical distribution. Type species, Clematis Vitalba L. 



Sepals and stamens erect, the former connivent at base or throughout; perennial herbs. (Viorna) _ _ 



F 1. C. hirsutissima. 



Sepals and stamens spreading from the base; half-woody climbers. 



Flowers white or yellowish, cymose-paniculate or when solitary the peduncle bibracteate. (Flammula) 



Ovaries and achenes pubescent. 



Leaflets 5-7; inflorescence cymose-paniculate, usually many-flowered. 2. C. ligusticifolia. 



Leaflets 3; inflorescence 1-3-flowered. 3. C. lasiantha. 



Ovaries and achenes glabrous. 4. C. pauciflora. 



Flowers blue or purple; peduncle 1-flowered, bractless. (Atragene) 5. C. columbiana. 



1. Clematis hirsutissima Pursh. Sugar Bowls, Hairy 

 Leather-flower. Fig. 1811. 



Clematis hirsutissima Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 385. 1814. 

 Clematis Douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 1. 1829. 

 Viorna hirsutissima Heller, Muhlenbergia 1 : 40. 1904. 

 Clematis Wyethii Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 6. 1834. 



Erect perennial herb, 2-7 dm. high, the stems simple, solitary or several from the rootstock, 

 sparsely to densely villous. Lowest leaves bract-like, entire, the rest 2-3-pinnate petioled, the 

 ultimate divisions linear to linear-lanceolate; flower solitary on a naked peduncle, nodding in 

 anthesis; sepals 4, erect except at the recurved tips, 3-4.5 cm. long, brownish purple, thick and 

 leathery, densely villous without; achenes silky-pubescent, fruiting styles 5-6 cm. long. 



Open grassy slopes, Arid Transition Zone; British Columbia southward east of the Cascade Mountains to 

 Grant County, Oregon, and eastward to Montana and Wyoming. Type locality: "On the plains of the Columbia 

 River." April-June. The leaves have the taste of strychnine, and Geyer, an early botanical explorer, reports 

 that the Nez Perce Indians stimulated their fagged horses by rubbing the plant in their nostrils. 



