SAXIFRAGE FAMILY 359 



4. Saxifraga caespitosa L. Tufted Saxifrage. Fig. 2239. 



Saxifraga cespitosa L. Sp. PL 404. 1753. 



Muscaria emarginata Small, N. Amer. Fl. 22: 130. 190S. 



Densely tufted caulescent perennial herb from a woody, often branching rootstock; caudices 



3-7 cm. tall, densely beset with more or less imbricated leaves. Leaves persistent, spatulate to 



flabellate, thin, ciliate, sparsely pubescent, yellow-green, 8—15 mm. long, usually 3-cleft at the 



apex about a fourth of the way down, the digitate lobes roundish and obtuse to linear and acute; 



flower-stalks slender, glandular-puberulent, leafy-bracted and usually bearing 1-3 cleft leaves 



below, 1-6-flowered, 2-10 cm. high; hypanthium rounded or less commonly turbinate at the 



glandular-puberulent base, including the sepals 2.5-6 mm. long at maturity; sepals ovate to 



ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 mm. long, obtuse or acutish ; petals white, obovate to oblong-obovate, 



rounded at the apex, the bases often somewhat cuneate, 5-7 mm. long; capsule 5-7 mm. long, 



the lower two-fifths adnate to the hypanthium. 



Rocky slopes and cliffs, Humid Transition to Arctic-Alpine Zones; Greenland and Newfoundland west 

 through subarctic America to Alaska, south to Jackson County, Oregon, and in the Rocky Mountains to Colorado 

 and Arizona. Also in arctic and alpine Europe and Siberia. Type locality: Europe. June-Sept. 



5. Saxifraga adscendens subsp. oregonensis (Raf.) Bacigalupi. Wedge-leaved 



Saxifrage. Fig. 2240. 



Saxifraga adscendens of western American authors, not L. 

 Ponista oregonensis Raf. Fl. Tell. 2: 66. 1836. 

 Muscaria adscendens Small, N. Amer. Fl. 22: 129. 1905. 

 Saxifraga oregonensis A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 42: 52. 1906. 

 Saxifraga incompta M. E. Peck, Rhodora 36: 267. 1934. 



A diminutive densely tufted glandular-pubescent perennial from a slender caudex; stems 

 2-8 cm. tall, often densely leafy. Basal leaves densely imbricated, oblong-spatulate, hispid- 

 ciliolate, entire or rarely 3-toothed at the tip, 0.5-1.5 cm. long; cauline leaves often purplish, 

 narrowly cuneate, 3-toothed above; inflorescence a compact leafy-bracteate cyme; hypanthium 

 purplish, turbinate-campanulate, 2.5-3 mm. long; sepals oblong-ovate to ovate, about 1.5 mm. 

 long; petals white with 3 greenish nerves, narrowly obovate with a spatulate base, sessile, 

 3-5 mm. long. 



Wet, gravelly or rocky places, Boreal Zones; British Columbia southward in the Cascade Mountains to 

 Mount Baker, Washington, and in the Rocky Mountains to the Wallowa Mountains of eastern Oregon, Colorado, 

 and Utah. Type locality: "Mts. Oregon of North America." July-Aug. 



6. Saxifraga fragarioides Greene. Joint-leaved Saxifrage. Fig. 2241. 



Saxifraga fragarioides Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 8: 121. 1881. 

 Saxifragopsis fragarioides Small, Bull. Torrey Club 23: 20. 1896. 



Sometimes glandular perennial herb with sparingly leafy-bracted flowering stems arising 

 from a stoutish horizontal rootstock or from an ascending caudex. Leaves mostly at the base 

 of the flowering stem and more or less crowded on the caudex ; blades cuneate, thinnish, rather 

 prominently and flabellately veined, coarsely dentate at the apex or above the middle, the sides 

 below this entire, 1.5-4.5 cm. long, ultimately disarticulating from the petiole; petioles about as 

 long as the blade, channeled above, with a scarious dilated base, persistent and densely covering 

 the caudex, the smaller leaves often sessile on the dilated portion of the petiole ; flowering stalks 

 straw-like, solitary or several together, 1-2.5 dm. tall, more or less densely glandular-pubescent, 

 the upper leaves remote and increasingly bract-like ; inflorescence paniculate, the cymules rather 

 distant; sepals ovate-lanceolate, reflexed, ciliate, 1.5-2 mm. long; hypanthium about as long, 

 campanulate ; petals elliptic-spatulate to elliptic, apiculate to acute, narrowed to a distinct claw, 

 persistent and reflexed, 2-3 mm. long ; ovary about half inferior, in fruit mostly 4-5 mm. long. 



Dry cliffs, Arid Transition and Canadian Zones; higher Inner Coast Ranges of extreme northern California 

 and adjacent Oregon. Type locality: "High mountains west of Mt. Shasta," California. July. 



7. Saxifraga oppositifolia L. Purple Saxifrage. Fig. 2242. 



Sa,vifraga oppositifolia L. Sp. PI. 402. 1753. 



Antiphylla oppositifolia Fourr. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyons II. 16: 386. 1868. 



Caulescent perennial forming low dense mats; branches erect, at least distally, 2.5-5 dm. 

 high, slender and somewhat suffrutescent, densely clothed (except at the base and often save on 

 the flowering stems and a few elongated stems) with imbricated decussate leaves, the stem thus 

 appearing 4-cornered. Leaf-blades sessile, broadly ovate to obovate, often slightly acuminate, 

 keeled, ciliate, somewhat thick and cartilaginous, pale green and soon turning purple-brown, 

 3-5 mm. long, the uppermost sometimes spatulate to oblong ; flowers solitary at the branch-tips ; 

 sepals oblong, obtuse, ciliate, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, at least 3 times as long as the hypanthium: petals 

 persistent, purple, fading to lilac, prominently veined, oval to orbicular-ovate, stoutly and abruptly 

 clawed, 5-8 mm. long; filaments subulate to triangular-subulate, purple, about half as long as the 

 petals ; follicles adnate to the hypanthium only toward their very bases ; styles purplish, at anthesis 

 but slightly spreading. 



In cliff-crevices. Boreal Zones; circumboreal, in Pacific North America extending southward in the Rocky 

 Mountains to Wyoming, coastally to the Olympic Mountains and Mount Rainier, Washington, and in the Wallowa 

 Mountains of eastern Oregon. Type locality: "in rupibus Alpium Spitzenbergensium, Lapponicarum, Pyrenai- 

 carum, Helveticarum." June— Aug. 



