360 SAXIFRAGACEAE 



8. Saxifraga Lyallii Engler. Red-stemmed Saxifrage. Fig. 2243. 



Saxifraga Lyallii Engler, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 19: 582. 1869. 



Saxifraga Lyallii laxa Engler, loc. cit. 



Saxifraga punctata var. acutidentata Engler, op. cit. 19: 548. 



Acaulescent from a perennial caudex. Leaf-blades obovate-cuneate, often quite truncate at 

 the tip sharply and coarsely serrate-dentate, usually only above the middle (or flabellate, crenate- 

 dentate with gland-tipped teeth except at the widely truncatish base), glabrous 1-4.5 cm. long, 

 the petioles gradually dilated above, gradually to abruptly merging with the blade, 0.5-9 cm. 

 long- scapes 8-3 dm. high, often purplish; glabrous; inflorescence relatively short the few 

 primary branches ultimately virgate-ascending, glabrous or sparingly glandular; cymules open, 

 usuallv reduced to solitary flowers, these often "double"; sepals soon reflexed, oblong-ovate, 

 mostly glabrous ; petals white, the 2 greenish spots at the base soon fading, broadly oval to 

 elliptic 2-4 mm long, the short broad claw distinct ; filaments broadened upward ; follicles nor- 

 mally 2, more often 3-5, strikingly (7-12 mm.) long when mature, erect, the very short styles 

 often widely divergent to recurved. 



Rocky ledges, Boreal Zones; southeastern Alaska to northern Idaho and western Montana and the northern 

 Cascade fountains of northern Washington. Type locality: "Fort Colville," northeastern Washington July- 

 Aug The type locality is possibly an error, for this species has not since been collected in its general region. 



9. Saxifraga arguta D. Don. Brook Saxifrage. Fig. 2244. 



Saxifraga arguta D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 13: 356. 1822. 



Saxifraga punctata of American authors generally, not L. 



Saxifraga odontophylla Piper, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 11: 314. 1906. Not Wall. 1834. 



Saxifraga odontoloma Piper, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 200. 1907. 



Acaulescent mostly glabrous perennial from a horizontal rhizome. Leaves erect or ascending, 

 the blades suborbicular to orbicular-reniform, 2-8 cm. wide, coarsely and more or less evenly 

 crenate-dentate with gland-tipped teeth, deeply cordate at the base, usually glabrous, mostly 

 much shorter than the petioles, these slender, glabrous, 4-20 cm. long; scapes 14-16 cm. tall, 

 glabrous below the inflorescence, more or less glandular above ; inflorescence broadly pamcu ate, 

 the cymules spreading and relatively few-flowered, the peduncles and pedicels often purplish, 

 minutely glandular-pubescent, elongating in age ; sepals lanceolate to oblong, 1 .5-2 mm. long 

 usually glabrous, well reflexed, commonly purple; petals suborbicular to elhptic-obovate, 2.5 T 3.5 

 mm long, white with 2 or 3 greenish-yellow dots toward the base, the abrupt claws distinct, 

 short and'slender; filaments broadened upward, more or less petaloid; anthers roundish, purple; 

 capsule 4-8 mm. high, urceolate, erect, purple or at least purple-veined, the spreading or re- 

 curved tips comparatively short. 



Along high mountain streams, Boreal Zones; British Columbia eastward to Montana and southward in the 

 Cascade and Rocky Mountains to southern California, Arizona, and New Mexico. Type locality: coast of north- 

 western North America. July-Aug. 



10. Saxifraga aestivalis Fisch. & Mey. Summer Saxifrage. Fig. 2245. 



Saxifraga aestivalis Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1: 37. 1835. 

 Saxifraga paddoensis Suksdorf, W. Amer. Sci. 15: 59. 1906. 



Habit very much like that of the preceding but the whole plant smaller. Leaves erect or 

 ascending, the blades suborbicular to reniform, 2-5 cm. wide, coarsely few-toothed with crenate 

 or narrower, sometimes overlapping, gland-tipped teeth, or sometimes almost crenately lobed, 

 cordate at the base, glabrous, much shorter than the petioles, these slender, mostly glabrous, 

 3-10 cm. long; scapes often more or less glandular-pubescent, especially above, 7-24 cm. tall; 

 inflorescence much less diffuse than in the preceding species, somewhat corymbosely branched, 

 usually glandular-puberulent ; cymules open, mostly ascending, the peduncles and pedicels elon- 

 gated more pubescent than the scapes; sepals oblong-ovate, 0.8-1.5 mm. long, reflexed; petals 

 white', 2-3.5 cm. long, the elliptic, ovate or mostly oblong blades gradually narrowed into short 

 claws'; filaments broadened upward, more or less petaloid ; capsule slender, at maturity 4-6 mm. 

 long, the bodies erect, their upper third to half divergent, more or less abruptly reflexed at the 

 tips, dark purple. 



Shaded stream banks, Hudsonian and Arctic- Alpine Zones; Alaska and the adjacent islands to Alberta and 

 northern Oregon; also in northeastern Siberia. Type locality: not given. June-Aug. 



11. Saxifraga Mertensiana Bong. Wood Saxifrage. Fig. 2246. 



Saxifraga Mertensiana Bong. Mem. Acad. St.-Petersb. VI. 2: 141. 1832. 

 Saxifraga heterantha Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 252. 1832. 

 Heterisia Eastwoodiae Small, N. Amer. Fl. 22: 156. 1905. 



Perennial herb from an erect scaly bulb-like usually bulbiferous rootstock. Leaf-blades 

 rather fleshy but thin in the dried specimen, suborbicular to ovate-reniform. with many shallow 

 and commonly 3-toothed lobes, shallowly to deeply cordate at the base, 2-7 cm. wide, glabrous 

 or sparingly pubescent; petioles 3-14 cm. long, glabrous or hirsutulous ; stipules wing-like, 

 scarious, often closely imbricated; flower-stalks 10-30 cm. tall, more usually pubescent and 

 minutely glandular, paniculately branched above, bearing 1 or 2 leaves toward the base, bractlet- 

 bearing above, at least at the inflorescence ; cymules few-flowered, frequently all but the terminal 

 flower reduced to bulblets, the pedicels abruptlv recurved after anthesis; calyx cleft almost to 

 the very base, the sepals oblong to oblong-ovate, 1.5-2.5 mm. long, usually glabrous, reflexed; 

 petals white, 3-5 mm. long, ovate or elliptic above the short claws ; filaments white, broadened 

 above, more or less petaloid ; anthers orbicular-reniform ; ovary almost entirely superior, the 



