SAXIFRAGE FAMILY 361 



carpels at first united for almost their full lengths, the beaks at length as long as the body and 

 divergent, the tips often recurved. 



Damp woods, mostly Canadian Zone; southeastern Alaska southward along the coast to Sonoma County, and 

 sparingly in the Sierra Nevada to Mariposa County, California, inland to northern Idaho and the Blue Mountains 

 of eastern Oregon. Type locality: Sitka, Alaska. March-July. 



12. Saxifraga Sibthorpii Boiss. Yellow Saxifrage. Fig. 2247. 



Saxifraga Sibthorpii Boiss. Diag. PI. Or. I. 3: 22. 1843. 



Delicate flaccid glabrous caulescent and cespitose annual or biennial 8-20 cm. tall. Basal 

 leaf-blades reniform, crenately lobed, 10-15 mm. wide, the lower on long slender petioles, the 

 upper sometimes sessile and rhombic-ovate; inflorescence terminal, loosely paniculate, single 

 flowers sometimes arising from the lower leaf-axils; hypanthium flattish, poorly developed; 

 sepals triangular-ovate, 1-2 mm. long, longer than the hypanthium, reflexed even at anthesis; 

 petals yellow, 4 mm. long, elliptic with a short inconspicuous claw ; filaments narrowly subulate ; 

 fruiting carpels green, coalesced for three-fourths of their lengths, more or less truncate at the 

 top, the styles short, their tips ultimately divergent. 



Moist rocky slopes, Humid Transition Zone; adventive about Portland, Oregon (Elk Rock). A native of 

 Greece. June. 



13. Saxifraga Tolmiei Torr. & Gray. Alpine Saxifrage. Fig. 2248. 



Saxifraga Tolmiei Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 567. 1840. 

 Saxifraga ledifolia Greene, Pittonia 2: 101. 1890. 



Densely tufted perennial with short and branched, leafy, more or less prostrate stems and 

 erect, mostly leafless flower-stalks from a slender woody caudex, usually forming mats. Leaves 

 subsessile, glabrous, thickish, often slightly revolute, more or less crowded, oblong-lanceolate, 

 8-15 mm. long, or sometimes oval to oblong, obtuse, often semi-terete, 2-9 mm. long; flower- 

 stalks 3-12 cm. tall, sparingly to densely, but finely, glandular-pubescent, especially above, leafless 

 or bearing 1 or 2 reduced leaves, terminating in a narrow panicle- to corymb-like cyme, less 

 often, in the smallest plants, 1-flowered; sepals ovate, 2-2.5 mm. long, glabrous, obtuse; petals 

 white, elliptic to spatulate, 4-5.5 mm. long; filaments dilated below the summit; capsules 

 8-12 mm. long. 



Rocky soil, Boreal Zones; southern Alaska southward through Washington and Oregon and in the Sierra 

 Nevada to Tulare County, California. Type locality : "North West Coast" of North America July-Aug. The 

 typical form, with shorter leaves and the flowers few and sometimes solitary, is not found south ot Washington. 



14. Saxifraga bronchialis subsp. austromontana (Wiegand) Piper. Spotted 



Saxifrage.. Fig. 2249. 



Saxifraga bronchialis Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 310. 1814. Not L. 



Saxifraga austromontana Wiegand, Bull. Torrey Club 27 : 389. 1900. 



Saxifraga cognata E. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 30: 118. 1900. 



Saxifraga bronchialis austromontana Piper, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 11: 313. 1906. 



Perennial mostly matted herb with copiously leafy, more or less horizontally creeping 

 caudices and offshoots terminated bv less leafy erect flowering stalks. Caudical leaves subulate 

 or narrowly lanceolate, parchment-like, crowded and more or less spreading, or often somewhat 

 imbricated, spinulose-ciliate almost to the mostly acuminate and cuspidate apex, 5-16 (mostly 

 10-12) mm. long; flower-stalks glabrate to sparingly glandular-pubescent, 6-15 cm. tall, termi- 

 nating in a compact or elongated cyme and bearing several remote leaves smaller than the 

 caudical ones; sepals ovate and obtuse to ovate-lanceolate, glabrous or sparingly abate, 1.5-3 

 mm. long, much longer than the hypanthium ; petals white, veined and often spotted with maroon, 

 oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 4-6 mm. long, clawless ; filaments subulate ; capsule 5-9 mm. long. 



Among rocks, Boreal Zones; British Columbia and Alberta to Oregon and New Mexico. Type locality: 

 Cascade Mountains of Washington. July-Aug. 



Saxifraga bronchialis var. vespertina (Small) Rosend. Bot. Jahrb. 37. Beibl. 83: 73. 1905. (Leptasea 

 vespertina Small, N. Amer. Fl. 22: 153. 1905.) Differs from S. bronchialis subsp. austromontana in having the 

 caudical leaves oblong-spatulate to oblanceolate and the petals often oval to oval-elliptic and more or less obtuse. 

 Rocky cliffs, Humid Transition Zone; coastal Alaska to the Columbia River Gorge, Oregon. Type locality: 

 Baldy Peak, Chehalis County, Washington. 



15. Saxifraga ferruginea Graham. Alaska Saxifrage. Fig. 2250. 



Saxifraga ferruginea Graham, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 1828: 349. 1829. 

 Saxifraga notkana Moc. ex Ser. in DC. Prod. 4: 40, as synonym. 1830. 

 Saxifraga Bongardii Presl in Engler, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 19: 528. 1868. 

 Saxifraga ferruginea var. Macounii Engler & Irmsch. Pflanzenreich 4 117 : 70. 1916. 

 Saxifraga ferruginea var. nivea A. M. Johnson, Minn. Stud. Biol. Sci. 4: 64. 1923. 



More or less glandular-pubescent herb 1-4 dm. tall. Leaves mostly basal, crowded on a short 

 caudex, spatulate to oblanceolate-spatulate, 2-8 cm. long, sharply and sometimes broadly toothed 

 mostly 'above the middle, more or less pubescent; flowering stems solitary or several, rather 

 widely paniculate, the branches ascending ; bracts often reddish, usually much smaller than the 

 leaves, the lower often foliaceous, sometimes 4 cm. long; lateral pedicels often bearing clusters 

 of bulblets; sepals oblong-ovate, 1-2.5 mm. long, reflexed; petals unequal, oblong-lanceolate to 

 spatulate-elliptic, 3.5-5 mm. long, white with 2 yellow spots at the base; carpels united for two- 

 thirds of their lengths, the style-tips divergent. 



Along alpine rills, Boreal Zones; Alaska southward through British Columbia and the Canadian Rocky 

 Mountain! to northern Idaho and Montana, and through Washington and Oregon to the Siskiyou and Salmon 

 Mountains of northwestern California. Type locality: not definitely stated; first described from plants raised 

 from seed in the Edinburgh Botanic Garden. July-Aug. 



