SAXIFRAGE FAMILY 367 



densely rusty-tomentose beneath; petioles usually shorter than the blades, usually less than 2 

 mm., though sometimes as much as 5 mm., wide ; scapes 5-20 cm. tall, somewhat purplish, densely 

 pubescent below, the pubescence often rusty-tomentose, glabrous or merely inconspicuously 

 pubescent to densely glandular above, corymbosely branched ; cymules at length open ; peduncles 

 and pedicels often purplish, puberulent with or without gland-tipped hairs, or glabrate; sepals 

 oblong-ovate, 2-2.5 mm. long, glabrous, obtuse; petals white, 2.5-4 mm. long, elliptic to broadly 

 oval, shortly clawed ; filaments usually subulate, sometimes broadened upward and petaloid, both 

 kinds rarely in a single flower ; carpels 3-4 mm. long, deep purple, with widely spreading tips. 



Rocky crevices, Boreal Zones in the mountains and Humid Transition Zone in the Columbia River Gorge 

 region; southern British Columbia southward to the upper reaches of the Willamette Valley, Oregon. Type 

 locality: Mount Finlayson, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. March-July. 



Saxifraga occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 23: 264. 1888. {Saxifraga saximontana E. Nels. 

 Erythea 7: 168. 1S99.) May be distinguished from Saxifraga occidentalis subsp. rufidula most easily by its 

 unmistakably petaloid filaments, its usually curved scape, its often much more saliently toothed leaves, and the 

 usually totally green (not reddish) hue of its herbage. Mountain slopes, Boreal Zones; Alberta to Montana and 

 westward to the northeastern corner (Okanogan County to Spokane County) of Washington. Type locality: 

 "Rocky Mountains." 



10. CHRYSOSPLENIUM [Tourn.] L. Sp. PL 398. 1753. 



Low, somewhat succulent, dichotomously branched herbs, mainly semi-aquatic and 

 with perennial rootstocks. Leaves petiolate, crenate, opposite or alternate, exstipulate. 

 Flowers greenish, small, axillary or terminal, solitary or in small corymbs, perfect. 

 Hypanthium saucer-shaped or campanulate, adnate to the lower portion of the ovary and 

 usually lined with an epigynous disk. Sepals normally 4. Petals none. Stamens 4—8 

 (rarely 10), inserted on the margin of the disk; filaments short. Ovary 1-celled, flattish, 

 2-lobed ; styles 2, recurved, usually short ; placentae parietal, many-ovuled. Capsule 

 membranous, short, inversely cordate or 2-lobed, 2-valved above, few- or many-seeded. 

 Seed coat muricate or pilose. [Name Greek, meaning golden spleen, from some reputed 

 medicinal quality.] 



A genus of about 15 species, natives of the north temperate zone and of southern South America. Type 

 species, Chrysosplenium oppositifolium L. 



Lower leaves always opposite (the upper sometimes alternate); flowers solitary, axillary; stamens 8. 



1. C. glechomaefolium. 

 Leaves all alternate; flowers clustered in the upper leaf-axils; stamens 4. 2. C. tetrandrum. 



1. Chrysosplenium glechomaefolium Nutt. Pacific Water Carpet. Fig. 2263. 



Chrysosplenium glechomaefolium Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1 : 589. 1840. 

 Chrysosplenium oppositifolium var. Scouleri Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1 : 242. 1S32. 

 Chrysosplenium Scouleri Rose, Bot. Gaz. 23: 277. 1897. 



Glabrous perennial with a slender stoloniferous rootstock; stems mostly ascending, often 

 rooting at the lower nodes, 8-25 cm. long. Leaves opposite, the uppermost occasionally alternate, 

 suborbicular, abruptly cuneiform at the base, crenate above, 8-15 mm. broad; petioles 1-2 cm. 

 long ; flowers solitary, axillary, short-pedicelled ; hypanthium 2-3 mm. broad with rounded entire 

 sepals ; stamens 8, about equaling the hypanthium ; capsule at length exserted. 



Springy places, Humid Transition Zone; coastal region, British Columbia south to Mendocino County, Cali- 

 fornia. Type locality: "Columbia River, on the North-West coast." April-June. 



2. Chrysosplenium tetrandrum Th. Fries. Northern Water Carpet. Fig. 2264. 



Chrysosplenium tetrandrum Th. Fries, Bot. Notiser 1858: 193. 1858. 



Glabrous perennial from a slender stoloniferous rootstock ; stems simple to above the middle, 

 2-15 cm. tall. Lower leaves on petioles 0.5-2 cm. long, thickish, reniform, shallowly crenate- 

 lobed, lighter beneath than above, 4-12 mm. wide; upper leaves larger than the lower, suborbicu- 

 lar to broadly cuneate, becoming subsessile, the uppermost crowded and often reddish-tinged, 

 simulating floral bracts ; flowers short-pedicelled, clustered in the axils of the uppermost leaves ; 

 sepals usually 4; stamens 4, opposite the sepals; seeds small, numerous, brownish red. 



Damp rock-crevices and springy places, Boreal Zones; Arctic regions of Eurasia and America, extending 

 southward in North America to Colorado and reaching our region in Okanogan County, Washington (Mount 

 Bonaparte). Type locality: Finmarken, Norway. 



11. LITHOPHRAGMA Nutt. Tourn. Acad. Phila. 7:26. 1834. 



Slender perennial herbs with narrow bulblet-bearing rhizomes, simple stems and axial, 

 sparingly leafy flowering shoots. Leaves mostly basal, petiolate, reniform or suborbicular, 

 3-5-parted or -lobed or merely rounded-crenate ; petioles with stipule-like dilated bases. 

 Flowers in simple mostly few-flowered racemes. Hypanthium from campanulate or hemi- 

 spheric and adnate only to the base of the ovary to elongate-turbinate or obconic and 

 adnate to the lower half of the ovary. Sepals 5, short, valvate in the bud, rounded or 

 triangular. Petals 5, alternating with the sepals and inserted on the hypanthium just be- 

 low the margin, white or pinkish, clawed, the blade oval or obovate to cuneate in outline, 

 djgitately or pinnately cleft, toothed or entire, much exceeding the sepals, at length de- 

 ciduous. Stamens 10, inserted on the hypanthium, included; filaments short; anthers 

 cordate, 2-celled. Ovary 1-celled with 3 many-seeded, parietal placentae, 3-valved at the 



