368 SAXIFRAGACEAE 



apex; ovary-beaks 3, short; stigmas obtuse or somewhat dilated. Fruit a capsule. Seeds 

 horizontal, ovoid, with a distinct raphe. [Name Greek, meaning- rock fence, the intended 

 significance obscure.] 



A genus of about a dozen species, all natives of western North America. Type species, Lithophragma parvi- 

 flora (Hook.) Nutt. 



Hypanthium campanulate, with a mostly rounded base, or the base only very slightly, though widely, tapering 

 into the pedicel. 

 Petals 2-7 mm. long, deeply and palmately parted; hypanthium 3.4 mm. wide or less. 

 Stem leaves not bulbiferous in the axils. 



Inflorescence not elongated or particularly narrow, relatively few-flowered; hypanthium not con- 

 spicuously striate. 

 Hypanthium at anthesis (with the sepals) not more than 3 mm. long; pedicels in fruit 8 mm. 

 or more long, much longer than the capsules; leaves ternately divided to near the base. 



1. L. glabra. 

 Hypanthium at anthesis (with the sepals) 3—4 mm. long; fruiting pedicels usually much shorter 

 than 8 mm.; leaves deeply 3-lobed. 2. L. breviloba. 



Inflorescence elongated, narrow, sometimes as much as 20-flowered; hypanthium more or less con- 

 spicuously striate. 3. L. rupicola. 



Stem leaves not bulbiferous in the axils. 4. L. bulbifera. 



Petals 5—1 2 mm. long, entire or only deeply toothed (not parted) ; hypanthium mostly 4 mm. or more in width. 

 Base of the hypanthium truncate or only slightly rounded; base of petal-blade plane and not toothed, 



the upper part more or less strongly toothed or incised (rarely entire). 5. L. heterophylla. 



Base of the hypanthium merely obtuse, not really truncate; base of petal-blade somewhat involute, 

 minutely crenulate to laciniate, the upper part entire or with a few lateral teeth. 



6. L. scabrella. 



Hypanthium rounded-turbinate to obconic, with a more or less acute base. 



Hypanthium rounded-turbinate with an acutish, though not obconic base. 



Basal leaves 3-parted to near the base; cauline leaves alternate; petals 3-cleft or -toothed; pedicels 



2-5 mm. long. 7. L. tripartita. 



Basal leaves round-lobed; cauline leaves a single pair, opposite; petals entire; pedicels 5-10 mm. long. 



8. L. Cymbalaria. 

 Hypanthium with an obconic base. 



Basal leaves divided to near the base into cuneate segments; hypanthium elongated-obconic. 



Blades of the petals cleft scarcely half their lengths into 3 broadly oblong lobes; hypanthium 3 

 times as long as broad. 9. L. trifoliata. 



Blades of the petals divided more than half their lengths into 3—7 linear-oblong divisions; hy- 

 panthium twice as long as broad. 10. L. parvi flora. 

 Basal leaves variously lobed but not divided to near the base; hypanthium broadly obconic. 



11. L. affinis. 



1. Lithophragma glabra Nutt. Smooth Lithophragma. Fig. 2265. 



Lithophragma glabra Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1 : 584. 1840. 

 Tellima glabra Steudel, Nom. ed. 2. 2: 665. 1841. 



Lithophragma tenella var. florida Suksdorf, W. Amer. Sci. 15: 61. 1906. 

 Lithophragma tenella of Pacific Coast authors, in part. Not Nutt. 



Stem 1-2 dm. high, slender, minutely glandular-puberulent or glabrate. Petioles of the basal 

 leaves 1 .5—2 cm. long, puberulent; blades ternately divided to near the base, puberulent; divisions 

 cuneate, 0.5-1.5 cm. long, 3-lobed; stem leaves as small or smaller, short-petioled, blades similar 

 to those of the basal ones ; stipules conspicuous, with a triagular or rounded basal free portion, 

 somewhat erose ; flowers 3-8 ; pedicels 2-4 mm. long, in fruit often over 1 cm. long ; hypanthium 

 campanulate, often abruptly acute at the base, puberulent, sometimes of a dark reddish hue, 

 together with the sepals 2 . 5-4 mm. long ; petals white or pinkish, 2-5 mm. in length, deeply and 

 palmately parted into 3-5 linear-oblong divisions. 



Damp soil, Arid Transition Zone; Montana and Wyoming westward through eastern Oregon and Washing- 

 ton to the Columbia River Gorge. Type locality: Blue Mountains of Oregon. March-May. 



2. Lithophragma breviloba Rydb. Dainty Lithophragma. Fig. 2266. 



Lithophragma breviloba Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 86. 1905. 

 Lithophragma tenella of California authors, in part. Not Nutt. 



Stem 2-3.5 dm. high, glandular-pubescent. Petioles of the basal leaves 2-4 cm. long, the 



blades more or less deeply and ternately lobed or divided; divisions 5-10 mm. long, broadly 



cuneate, with 3 or 4 short rounded lobes ; stem leaves more deeply divided and with angular 



oblong lobes, short-petioled, without bulblets in their axils ; stipules membranous, not fimbriate, 



more or less obsolete ; flowers 3-8 ; pedicels 2-5 mm. long ; hypanthium hemispheric, together 



with the sepals 3-4 mm. long, densely glandular-puberulent ; sepals triangular, acute ; petals 



pink, 3-5 mm. long, palmately 3-5-parted into very narrow segments. 



Open slopes and in pine woods. Arid Transition and Canadian Zones; northern Sierra Nevada to the Warner 

 Mountains, California. Type locality: Sierra County, California. May-July. 



3. Lithophragma rupicola Greene. Modoc Lithophragma. Fig. 2267. 



Lithophragma rupicola Greene, Erythea 3: 102. 1895. 



Stems not very slender, hispidulous-scabrous throughout, often reddish or straw-colored, 

 1.5-5 dm. high. Petioles of the reniform basal leaves often bulblet-bearing, 2.5-4 cm. long, the 

 blades 2-3 cm. wide, more or less crisped-pubescent, parted to divided, the 3-5 larger cuneate 

 divisions ternately parted and toothed toward the apex; stem leaves short-petioled, similarly 

 divided into linear-spatulate segments, without bulbils in their axils; stipules conspicuous, mem- 

 branous, fimbriolate, widened above and obliquely triangular; raceme elongated, 8-20-flowered, 



