370 SAXIFRAGACEAE 



sepals ovate, acute ; petals 6-8 mm. long, 3-cleft or 3-toothed at the apex, or the upper rarely 

 entire. 



Pine woods, Arid Transition Zone; mountains of southern California. Type locality: mountains near San 

 Jacinto, California. May-June. 



8. Lithophragma Cymbalaria Torr. & Gray. Mission Star. Fig. 2272. 



Lithophragma Cymbalaria Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1 : 585. 1840. 

 Tellima Cymbalaria Steudel, Nom. ed. 2. 2: 665. 1841. 



Stems slender, 1.5-3 dm. high, finely glandular-puberulent. Petioles of the basal leaves 2-5 

 cm. long, finely puberulent; blades reniform, 3-5-lobed; lobes rounded-crenate with broad and 

 rounded teeth, or entire; cauline leaves 2, opposite, on slender petioles, well up on the stem, 

 once or twice ternately divided, lobes narrow ; flowers 3-6 ; pedicels 5-10 mm. long, usually longer 

 than the hypanthium; this rounded-turbinate, with an obtuish and not obconic base, together 

 with the sepals 3-6 mm. long ; sepals triangular, acute ; petals white, 6-9 mm. long, with slender 

 claws and rhombic-oval to oblong-spatulate entire blades. 



Open shaded places, Upper Sonoran Zone; Channel Islands off the southern California coast; local at 

 Palomar Mountain in San Diego County, and the coastal region of Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties, thence 

 northward in the Inner Coast Range from San Luis Obispo County to Stanislaus County, California. Type 

 locality: near Santa Barbara, California. March-April. 



9. Lithophragma trifoliata Eastw. Club-shaped Lithophragma. Fig. 2273. 



Lithophragma trifoliata Eastw. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 200. 1905. 



Stems striate, stout, 2-3 dm. high, scabrous-hispid below, the upper part glandular as well. 

 Petioles of the basal leaves lax, dilated at the bases, 2-5 cm. long, also glandular-hirsute ; blades 

 markedly hirsute, 1-2 cm. wide, cordate in outline, divided to the base into 3-5 broadly cuneate 

 lobes, these more or less deeply 3-cleft and again 3-lobed ; stem leaves usually 2, triangular in 

 outline, similarly cleft, their petioles 1-3 cm. long ; stipules broad, fimbriate ; raceme subcapitate, 

 5-8-flowered; bracts hyaline, conspicuous; pedicels 1-3 mm. long; hypanthium densely hirsute- 

 canescent, with an elongated obconic base, widest at the point of insertion of the petals and 

 stamens, the whole about 3 times as long as broad, 7-8 mm. long; sepals relatively long and 

 narrow, acute ; petals very broadly cuneate, 8-10 mm. long, with 3 broadly oblong or ovate lobes. 



Foothills, forest-covered mountain slopes and lava beds, Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition Zones; Modoc 

 County to Yuba County, California, extending into the Sacramento Valley in Tehama County. Type locality: 

 foothills near Chico, Butte County, California. March-April. 



10. Lithophragma parviflora (Hook.) Nutt. Prairie Star, Star Flower. 



Fig. 2274. 



Tellima parviflora Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 239. 1839. 



Lithophragma parviflora Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 584. 1840. 

 Lithophragma austromontana Heller, Muhlenbergia 2: 53. 1905. 

 Lithophragma anemonoides Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 2: 87. 1910. 

 Lithophragma tenella of some Pacific Coast authors, in part. Not Nutt. 



Stems 1-3 dm. high, more or less densely glandular-puberulent and somewhat scabrous. 

 Petioles of the basal leaves 2-6 cm. long ; blades sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs, 

 divided to the base into 3-5 divisions, these 1-3 cm. long, widely cuneate and once or twice 3- 

 cleft into oblong divisions; stem leaves 2 or 3, similar, occasionally as large as or larger than 

 the radical ones ; raceme short, 3-9-flowered ; pedicels mostly erect, 2-5 mm. long ; hypanthium 

 elongated-obconic, the top of the ovary marked by a dark yellow band, at length almost clavate, 

 together with the sepals 5-8 mm. long, in fruit often increasing to 1 cm. in length ; petals white 

 or pinkish, deeply 3-5 cleft into narrowly oblong divisions, attenuate below into a slender claw, 

 4^10 mm. long. 



In rocky and gravelly places, Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition Zones; Alberta to British Columbia, south 

 to Colorado and throughout Washington and Oregon and sparingly southward in the Sierra Nevada of California 

 to Kern County and thence northward in the Inner Coast Range to San Benito County. Type locality: "Northern 

 California," Menzies. Probably Oregon. April-June. 



11. Lithophragma affinis A. Gray. Woodland Star. Fig. 2275. 



Lithophragma affinis A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 6: 534. 1865. 

 Tellima affinis A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1 : 198. 1876. 

 Lithophragma intermedia Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22 : 88. 1905. 

 Lithophragma catalinae Rydb. loc. cit. 

 Lithophragma trifida Eastw. ex Rydb. op. cit. 22: 89. 1905. 



Stems stout, 3-5 dm. high, glandular-hirsutulous. Petioles of the basal leaves 1.5-8 cm. 

 long; blades reniform to ovate-reniform in outline, 1-3 cm. long, some of them ternately divided, 

 hirsutulous, often of a distinctly purplish hue beneath, the divisions orbicular to ovate, ternately 

 lobed or crenate ; cauline leaves 1-3, alternate, mostly parted into 3 broad divisions which are 

 deeply incised, or merely lobed or toothed ; stipules mostly broad and fimbriate ; petioles 1-2 cm. 

 long; flowers 6-12; pedicels 2-8 mm. long; hypanthium spreading at the top, the lower half 

 broadly obconic, densely covered with glandular hairs, with the sepals 5-7 mm. long; sepals 

 ovate, mostly acute ; petals white, 6-10 mm. long, cuneate, very broad and mostly 3-lobed at the 

 apex with almost equal lobes. 



Rocky shaded ground and open woods, Upper Sonoran and Transition Zones; Coast Ranges and Sierra 

 Nevada from southern Oregon to southern California. Also in the Great Valley and on the Channel Islands. 

 Type locality: California, around and north of San Francisco. March-May. 



