442 ROSACEAE 



broadly oval, crenate, glabrate and dark green above, silky-pubescent beneath, peduncles equal- 

 ing or longer than the leaves; flowers 15-20 mm. broad; bracelets toothed, exceeding the ovate 

 or lanceolate spreading sepals ; fruit red, ovoid or globose, insipid. 



Cultivated as an ornamental plant, and becoming naturalized on the Pacific Coast, but not frequent. Native 

 of India. May-Aug. 



14. FRAGARIA L. Sp. PI. 494. 1753. 



Perennial acaulescent stoloniferous herbs, with scaly rootstocks. Leaves ternate, 

 rarely with one or two small bractlike ones in addition. Hypanthium very shallow, almost 

 flat. Bractlets and sepals 5. Petals 5, white or in one species pink, broadly orbicular to 

 elliptical. Stamens 20, in three series, closely surrounding the base of the receptacle. Re- 

 ceptacle hemispherical or conical bearing very numerous pistils, becoming enlarged, red 

 and juicy in fruit. Styles filiform, rather short, attached near the middle of the ovaries. 

 Achenes small, turgid and crustaceous; seeds ascending, amphitropous. [Name Latin, 

 fragum, meaning fragrance.] 



About 35 species, natives of the north temperate zone and the Andes of South America. Type species, 



Fragaria vesca L. 



Leaves thick and coriaceous, more or less densely silky. 1. F. chiloensis. 



Leaves rather thin, not coriaceous. 



Leaves densely silky beneath. 2. F. californica. 



Leaves slightly silky beneath, in age glabrate. 



Leaflets subsessile; achenes superficial. 



Flowers pinkish, nodding from the beginning. 3. F. Helleri. 



Flowers white, erect or spreading, nodding only in fruit. 4. F. bracteata. 



Leaflets usually petiolulate; achenes set in usually deep pits; plants more or less glaucous. 



5. F. platypetala. 



1. Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duchesne. Chilean or Beach Strawberry. Fig. 2457. 



Fragaria vesca var. chiloensis L. Sp. PI. 495. 1753. 

 Fragaria chiloensis Duchesne, Hist. Nat. Frais. 165. 1766. 

 Fragaria chilensis Molina, Sagg. Chile 134. 1784. 

 Fragaria chilensis var. Scouleri S. Wats. Bibl. Index 282. 1878. 



Rootstocks stout and thick, crowned with many leaves and large brown scarious stipules. 

 Petioles stout, 2-20 cm. long, densely silky-villous with upwardly appressed or at length spread- 

 ing hairs; leaflets thick and coriaceous, slightly pubescent above when young but glabrous and 

 shiny in age, strongly nerved and reticulate, densely silky-pubescent and tomentulose beneath, 

 the terminal one 2-5 cm. long, distinctly petiolulate, broadly obovate, rounded to subcordate at 

 apex, crenate above the middle, the lateral similar but smaller and usually subsessile and very 

 oblique; scapes densely silky, shorter than or exceeding the leaves; flowers 20-35 mm. broad; 

 hypanthium and sepals densely silky; fruit hemispheric, 15-20 mm. in diameter, hairy; achenes 

 set in shallow pits. 



Mainly a maritime species; extending from Alaska to central California, and in South America from 

 Peru to Patagonia; also in the Sandwich Islands. One of the parents of the commonly cultivated varieties and 

 used in California as a ground cover for banks. Type locality: Concepcion or possibly on Chiloe Island, Chile. 

 March-Aug. 



Fragaria cuneifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 448, as synonym. 1840. Closely related to 

 F. chiloensis and probably not specifically distinct. Leaflets firm but thinner and not reticulate, narrower and 

 decidedly cuneate, pubescence of the petioles and peduncles more divaricately spreading and even reflexed, 

 flowers somewhat smaller. Western British Columbia to western Oregon. 



Fragaria crinita Rydb. Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2: 171. 1898. Very similar to F chiloensis 

 and probably only a form. Leaflets not reticulate and rather sharply toothed; petioles and peduncles densely 

 villous-hirsute with spreading hairs. British Columbia to northern California. 



2. Fragaria californica Cham. & Sch. California Strawberry. Fig. 2458. 



Fragaria californica Cham. & Sch. Linnaea 2: 20. 1827. 



Fragaria californica var. franciscana Rydb. Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2: 173. 1898. 



Rootstock short, not very thick. Leaves few with ovate-lanceolate, brown, scarious stipules ; 

 petioles slender, sparingly villous with long white spreading or reflexed hairs ; terminal leaflets 

 rounded obovate, 2-5 cm. long, obtuse, coarsely serrate, subsessile, glabrate above, appressed- 

 villous beneath, the lateral very oblique; scapes slender, villous with spreading hairs, seldom 

 leaf y-bracted ; flowers 10-15 mm. broad; hypanthium silky; silky bractlets and sepals lanceolate, 

 acuminate or acute; petals very little exceeding the sepals, obovate; fruit hemispherical, 10-15 

 mm. in diameter ; achenes in shallow pits. 



Shaded banks and open woods, Transition and Upper Sonoran Zones; northern California to Lower Cali- 

 fornia and New Mexico. Type locality: California. March-June. 



3. Fragaria Helleri Holz. Heller's or Pink-flowered Strawberry. Fig. 2459. 



Fragaria Helleri Holz. Bot. Gaz. 21 : 36. 1896. 



Rootstock rather slender. Leaves very thin, glabrate above, finely silky beneath ; petioles and 

 scapes very slender, sparingly silky or glabrate in age; leaflets broadly obovate, 20-30 mm. 

 long, coarsely serrate ; scapes 10-20 cm. high, often with a f oliaceous unifoliolate bract ; flowers 

 15-20 mm. broad, on nodding pedicels; petals nearly orbicular, rose-colored; fruit oblong; 

 achenes superficial. 



Known only from a few localities: Olympia, Olga, and Orcus Island, Washington, and Latah County, 

 Idaho. Type locality: Pine Creek, near Farmington Landing, Latah County, Idaho. May-June. 



