446 ROSACEAE 



nate, with stipules adnate to the petioles. Flowers in spikes or racemes, the lower usually 

 remote. Hypanthium ellipsoid, contracted at the throat, covered with barbed prickles. 

 Sepals 3-5, usually 4. Petals none. Stamens 3-5, inserted in the mouth of the hypanthium. 

 Pistil usually 1, style terminal; stigma many-cleft. Achenes wholly enclosed in the indu- 

 rated echinate hypanthium. Seeds solitary, pendent. [Greek, meaning a thorn, in refer- 

 ence to the spines on the hypanthium.] 



About 40 species mainly in the southern hemisphere, extending into Mexico, California, and the Hawaiian 

 Islands. Type species, Acaena elongata L. 



1. Acaena californica Bitter. California Acaena. Fig. 2467. 



Acaena californica Bitter, Bibl. Bot. 17 7 *: 116. 1910. 



Stems simple or rarely branching, 1-7 dm. high from a short branched woody caudex, 

 sparingly villous. Basal leaves crowded, with 11—17 leaflets, glabrous or slightly ciliate above, 

 appressed-silky beneath, leaflets 5-10 mm. long, obovate in outline, pinnatifid, with 3-7 linear or 

 linear-lanceolate callus-tipped divisions; stem leaves similar but usually few and reduced; flow- 

 ers green, in a crowded spike, or the lower remote ; sepals linear-oblong, about 3 mm. long ; 

 filaments long-exserted, purple ; style 1 mm. long ; fruiting hypanthium ovoid, 4-angled with 2-4 

 stout prickles on the angles. 



Dry grassy slopes near the coast; Sonoma County to Monterey County, California. Type locality: no definite 

 locality given in the original publication. March-June. 



This species has long been confused with a Chilean species, Acaena trifida Ruiz & Pav., to which it is 

 closely related. Bitter recognizes five varieties, all from the vicinity of San Francisco. 



19. AGRIMONIA L. Sp. PI. 448. 1753. 



Perennial herbs with rootstocks and conspicuous stipules. Leaves unequally pinnate, 

 with small leaflets interposed between the larger ones. Flowers in narrow spicate racemes, 

 small, regular, perfect. Hypanthium in fruit obconical or hemispherical, constricted at 

 the throat, usually longitudinally 10-grooved, bearing a ring of hooked bristles above. 

 Sepals 5, connivent. Petals 5, small, yellow. Stamens 5-15. Pistils 2; stigmas 2-lobed; 

 ovules pendulous. Fruit dry, mostly reflexed ; achenes 1 or 2. [Ancient Latin name.] 



About 15 species, natives of the north temperate zone. Besides the following, five others occur in the eastern 

 and southern states. Type species, Agrimonia eupatoria L. 



1. Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. Tall Hairy Agrimony. Fig. 2468. 



Agrimonia eupatoria var. hirsuta Muhl. Cat. 47. 1813. 

 Agrimonia gryoposepala Wallr. Beitr. Bot. 1 : 49. 1842. 

 Agrimonia hirsuta Bicknell, Bull. Torrey Club 23: S09. 1896. 



Stems 6-15 dm. high, glandular-puberulent interspersed with long widely spreading hairs. 

 Principal leaflets mostly 7, 4-12 cm. long, mostly lanceolate or oblanceolate, acute, coarsely ser- 

 rate, resinous-glandular beneath and sparingly hirsute on the veins; racemes 2-4 dm. long; 

 pedicels 2-10 mm. long; petals obovate, about 3 mm. long, yellow; fruiting hypanthium 4-5 mm. 

 long and about as broad, strongly grooved with rounded ridges, the dilated marginal rim bear- 

 ing numerous bristles. 



Moist woods and thickets, Transition and Upper Sonoran Zones; Mendocino, Lake, and San Bernardino 

 Counties, California; also in the eastern United States and Mexico. Type locality: Pennsylvania. July-Sept. 



20. ADENOSTOMA Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey 139. 1832. 



Unarmed evergreen shrubs with small coriaceous entire fascicled stipulate leaves and 

 small white flowers in terminal panicled racemes. Hypanthium obconical, 5-toothed, 10- 

 striate. Petals 5, orbicular. Stamens 10-15, inserted in bundles alternate with the petals. 

 Pistil 1, simple; style lateral; ovary 1 -celled, 1-2-ovuled. Achenes enclosed by the hard- 

 ened persistent hypanthium. [Greek, gland, mouth, in reference to the glands on the 

 mouth of the calyx.] 



Leaves club-shaped, fascicled; throat of the hypanthium with fleshy glands. 1. A. fasciculatum. 



Leaves filiform, scattered; throat of the hypanthium without glands. 2. A. sparsifolium. 



1. Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn. Common Chamise. Fig. 2469. 



Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey 139. pi. 30. 1832. 

 Adenostoma fasciculatum var. densiflorum Eastw. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 199. 1905. 



Shrubs 1-4 m. high with reddish glabrous or puberulent yirgate branches and grayish bark, 

 becoming shreddy. Stipules small, acute; leaves fascicled, linear-subulate^ 4-8 mm. long, pun- 

 gently acute, glabrous, often resinous ; flowers crowded, sessile ; hypanthium bracted at base, 

 green, 2 mm. long ; sepals shorter than the small petals ; ovary obliquely truncate. 



A common shrub of the chaparral, Upper Sonoran Zone; Lake County, California, to northern Lower Cali- 

 fornia. April-June. Type locality: Monterey, California. A thicket of this was known among Spanish Cali- 

 fornians as "chamisal." May-July. 



Adenostoma fasciculatum var. obtusifdlium S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 1 : 184. 1876. Distinguished from the 

 typical form by the obtuse leaves, and pubescent twigs. The common form on the mesas and hills of south- 

 western San Diego County, California, and adjacent Lower California. 



