ROSE FAMILY 457 



foliaceous, reflexed in anthesis ; hypanthium more or less prickly; petals dull purple, linear- 

 lanceolate; pistils few; drupelets pubescent, large, red; putamen faveolate. 



Deep coniferous woods, or on open ridges, Canadian Zone; British Columbia and Idaho to western Oregon. 

 Type locality: high sunny ridges of the Rocky Mountains. June- Aug. 



5. Rubus spectabilis Pursh. Salmon Berry. Fig. 2496. 



Rubus spectabilis Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 348. 1814. 



Rubus stenopetalus Cham, ex Choris, Voy. Pitt. Kamtch. 10. 1822. 



Parmena spectabilis Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1 : 244. 1906. 



Stems shrubby, 2-5 m. high, glabrous or pilose when young, with yellowish shreddy bark, 

 unarmed or with small straight prickles. Leaves usually 3-foliolate; petioles 4-6 cm. long, 

 slender, usually unarmed; leaflets thin, green and sparingly pubescent on both sides, doubly 

 serrate, the terminal 4-10 cm. long, acuminate at the apex, truncate or cuneate at base, the 

 lateral obliquely ovate; flowers 2-4 or usually solitary; sepals ovate, about 1 cm. long; petals 

 reddish purple, elliptical, 15-20 mm. long; fruit ovoid, 15-20 mm. long, red or yellow, drupelets 

 numerous, falling off together, glabrous ; putamen strongly reticulate. 



Stream banks, Humid Transition Zone; Aleutian Islands to Idaho and Mendocino County, California. Type 

 locality: banks of the Columbia. March-July. 



Rubus spectabilis var. Menziesii S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 172. 1876. (Rubus franciscanus Rydb. N. 

 Amer. Fl. 22: 441. 1913.) Leaves densely pilose beneath, otherwise closely resembling typical R. spectabilis. 

 Coastal region of central California from Sonoma County to Santa Cruz County. 



6. Rubus leucodermis Dougl. White-stemmed Raspberry. Fig. 2497. 



Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1 : 454. 1840. 

 Rubus occidentalis leucodermis Focke, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen 4: 147. 1874. 

 Melanobatus leucodermis Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1 : 243. 1906. 

 Melanobatus bernardinus Greene, op. cit. 1 : 244. 

 Rubus bernardinus Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 444. 1913. 



Stems erect, 4-8 dm. high, glaucous, armed with stout, straight or recurved prickles. 

 Leaves 3-foliolate or rarely 5-foliolate; leaflets ovate to lanceolate-acuminate, doubly serrate, 

 white-tomentose beneath; the veins, petioles and peduncles prickly; stipules setaceous; flowers 

 few, corymbose, 1 cm. broad; sepals lanceolate, long-acuminate, exceeding the petals; ovaries 

 tomentose; fruit separating from the receptacle when ripe, yellowish red with a white bloom 

 and agreeable flavor. 



Open woods, Transition Zone; British Columbia and Montana to Utah and southern California. Type 

 locality: Oregon. The southern California plants (R. bernardinus) have the pedicels and hypanthium glandular- 

 hispid. April-July. 



7. Rubus nigerrimus (Greene) Rydb. Dark Raspberry. Fig. 2498. 



Rubus hesperius Piper, Erythea 5: 103. 1897. Not Rogers, 1896. 

 Melanobatus nigerrimus Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 244. 1906. 

 Rubus nigerrimus Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 445. 1913. 



Stems biennial, 1-2 m. high, glacous becoming brown and shining in age, strongly armed 

 with straight flat prickles. Leaves 3-foliolate or 5-foliolate, petioles, rachis and ribs armed 

 with recurved prickles ; leaflets 5-8 cm. long, ovate, acuminate, coarsely and doubly serrate, 

 green and glabrous on both surfaces ; flowers in terminal corymbs ; hypanthium and sepals 

 glabrous or sparingly glandular ; petals white, 3-4 mm. long ; fruit nearly black, without bloom ; 

 drupelets tomentose ; putamen strongly faveolate-reticulate. 



Canyon slopes, Upper Sonoran Zone; eastern Washington. Type locality: Snake River Canyon at Wawawai 

 and Almota, Whitman County, Washington. May-July. 



8. Rubus melanolasius Focke. Rocky Mountain Raspberry. Fig. 2499. 



Rubus melanolasius Focke, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen 13: 469. 1896. 

 Batidaea laetissima Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1 : 240. 1906. 

 Batidaea unicolor Greene, op. cit. 1 : 241. 

 Batidaea Sandbergii Greene, op. cit. 1 : 242. 



Stems biennial, erect, 0.5-1 m. high, purple or yellow and often glaucous, densely armed 

 with slender straight bristles. Leaves 3-5-foliolate ; stipules subulate; petioles, rachis and mid- 

 veins usually bristly and glandular ; leaflets 3-6 cm. long, ovate to lanceolate, short-acuminate, 

 densely white-tomentose beneath ; inflorescence a short terminal or axillary raceme, glandular- 

 hispid ; petals elliptical, 5-6 mm. long, erect ; fruit red or purplish red, very sour ; drupelets 

 numerous, tomentose; putamen reticulate. 



Usually on rocky slopes, Canadian Zone; British Columbia and Alberta to eastern Oregon, Utah, and Colo- 

 rado. Type locality: raised from seeds from northwestern America. 



9. Rubus vitifdlius Cham. & Sch.. Pacific Blackberry. Fig. 2500. 



Rubus vitifolius Cham. & Sch. Linnaea 2: 10. 1827. 

 Rubus macropetalus Dougl. ex Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 178. 1832. 

 Rubus ursinus var. glabratus Presl, Epimel. Bot. 197. 1851. 

 Rubus Helleri Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 460. 1913. 



Stems woody, weak and trailing or suberect, 1-6 m. long, somewhat glaucous, armed with 

 straight, slender prickles. Leaves pinnately 3-5-foliolate or those of the flowering branches only 

 deeply lobed ; leaflets ovate to oblong, coarsely toothed, glabrous or nearly so beneath ; flowers 



