APPLE FAMILY 469 



times with a few spinose teeth, glabrous ; drupes a little larger than in the preceding species, 

 blackish purple when ripe. 



Canyon slopes, Upper Sonoran Zone; Santa Cruz, Santa Catalina, and San Clemente Islands, southern 

 California. Type locality: Santa Catalina Island. 



These two species of evergreen cherries are popular ornamentals, and remain distinct under cultivation, 

 but they are closely related and some botanists prefer calling the latter a variety. 



5. OSMARONIA Greene. Pittonia 2: 191. 1891. 



Shrubs, with the characteristic bitter bark of Prunus. Leaves simple, entire, decidu- 

 ous, the stipules small, early deciduous. Flowers polygamo-dioecious, white and fragrant, 

 in nodding racemes terminating leafy branchlets of the season. Hypanthium turbinate- 

 campanulate, deciduous. Sepals and petals 5. Staminate flowers with spreading petals; 

 stamens 15 in 3 series, 10 inserted with the petals and 5 inserted lower down on the disk 

 lining the hypanthium. Pistillate flowers with smaller erect petals; stamens present but 

 abortive; pistils 5, simple, free and distinct, glabrous; styles short, lateral, jointed at base; 

 ovules 2 to each ovary, pendulous. Fruit consisting of 1-5 drupes, with a thin pulpy exo- 

 carp and a bony endocarp. Seed solitary ; cotyledons convolute. [Name consisting of the 

 Greek adjective meaning fragrant, prefixed to the generic name Aronia.] 



A monotypic and somewhat anomalous genus peculiar to the Pacific Coast. 



1. Osmaronia cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray) Greene. Oso Berry. Fig. 2528. 



Nuttallia cerasiformis Torr. & Gray ex Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey 336. 1838. 

 Exochordia Davidiana Baillon, Adansonia 9: 149. 1869. 

 Osmaronia cerasiformis Greene, Pittonia 2: 191. 1891. 



Shrub or small tree, 1-5 m. high, the bark smooth, the branches mostly erect. Leaves oblong 

 to oblanceolate, 5-10 cm. long, entire, thin, paler and sparingly pubescent beneath when young, 

 glabrate in age; raceme 3-10 cm. long, nodding, bracts and bractlets membranaceous, deciduous; 

 hypanthium about 5 mm. wide and as deep ; sepals 3 mm. long ; petals of staminate plants obovate, 

 5-6 mm. long, those of the pistillate smaller and narrower; fruit about 1 cm. long, black and 

 glaucous, the exocarp fleshy, bitter. 



Canyons and shaded slopes. Transition Zone; British Columbia southward west of the Cascade-Sierra 

 Nevada Divide to Monterey and Tulare Counties, California. Type locality: Columbia River. March-April. 



Family 66. MALACEAE. 

 Apple Family. 



Trees and shrubs with alternate simple or pinnate leaves, the stipules free from 

 the petiole, small and deciduous. Flowers regular, perfect, racemose, corymbose, or 

 solitary. Hypanthium adnate to the ovary. Sepals 5. Petals 5, usually clawed. 

 Stamens numerous or rarely few. Ovary 1-5-celled, composed of 1-5 usually united 

 carpels ; styles 1-5 ; ovules 1-2 in each carpel. Fruit a more or less fleshy pome, con- 

 sisting of the thickened hypanthium enclosing the bony, papery, or leathery carpels. 

 Endosperm none; cotyledons fleshy. 



About 20 genera and over 500 species, of wide geographic distribution. 



Leaves deciduous; carpels united and coalescent with the fleshy hypanthium. 



Leaves pinnate. 1. Sorbus. 



Leaves simple, entire, toothed or lobed. 

 Mature carpels papery or leathery. 



Cavities of the ovary and fruit as many as the styles, 2-ovuled and 2-seeded. 2. Mains. 

 Cavities of the ovary 2-ovuled and as many as the styles, but in fruit each becoming divided into two. 

 Petals oblong, ascending. 3. Amelanchier. 



Petals orbicular, spreading. 4. Peraphyllum. 



Mature carpels bony, becoming separable or united 1-seeded stones. 5. Crataegus. 



Leaves evergreen; carpels 2, partly free and separating, bcoming thin and papery, enclosed in the fleshy hypan- 

 thium. 6. Heteromeles. 



1. SORBUS [Tourn.] L. Sp. PL 477. 1753. 



Trees or shrubs, with alternate pinnate deciduous leaves, serrate leaflets, and decidu- 

 ous stipules. Flowers perfect, regular in terminal compound cymes. Hypanthium urn- 

 shaped. Petals 5, white, spreading, short-clawed. Stamens numerous. Ovary inferior; 

 styles usually 3, distinct ; stigma truncate ; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit a small red berry- 

 like pome, the carpels papery. [The ancient Latin name for the pear or service-tree.] 



A genus of about 10 species, native of the northern hemisphere; 4 are in North America. Type species, 

 Sorbus domestica L. 



Leaves serrate only toward the apex; fruit glaucous. 1. S. occidentalis. 



Leaves serrate to near the base; fruit not glaucous. 2. S. sitchensis. 



