APPLE FAMILY 473 



sepals narrowly lanceolate, short-villous on both surfaces ; petals elliptical, 7 mm. long ; fruit 

 7-8 mm. broad, puberulent, yellow or orange. 



Dry hillsides, Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran Zones; eastern Washington and Oregon to Idaho and 

 Colorado, south through the Great Basin region to the Mojave Desert, California, Arizona, and New Mexico. 

 Type locality: Leeds, Utah. April-June. 



7. Amelanchier pallida Greene. Pallid Service-berry. Fig. 2538. 



Amelanchier pallida Greene, Fl. Fran. S3. 1891. 



Amelanchier alnifolia var. pallida Jepson. Man. Fl. PI. Calif. 509. 1925. 



Amelanchier subintegra Greene, Pittonia 5: 109. 1903. 



Shrub 2-3 m. high with mostly short rigid grayish branches, young twigs tomentose. Leaves 

 elliptical to broadly ovate, pallid, firm, tomentulose beneath, strigose above, entire or toothed 

 toward the apex, the teeth small; petals oblong, 8-10 mm. long, sparsely puberulent; styles nor- 

 mally 2 or 3 ; fruit reddish tardily darkening, glabrous or sparsely tomentose ; fruiting sepals 

 narrow, acuminate, more or less erect at least below. 



Dry hillsides, mainly Arid Transition Zone; Siskiyou Mountains, southern Oregon, to the Cuyamaca Moun- 

 tains, California, east to Nevada. Type locality: northern and northeastern California. April-June. 



Amelanchier cuneata Piper, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 392. 1900. Shrub about 2 m. high, the branchlets 

 with grayish bark, and the young twigs pubescent with somewhat appressed white hairs. Leaves 2-3 cm. long, 

 elliptical to obovate, few-toothed toward the apex, cuneate at base, sparsely pubescent on both surfaces; racemes 

 10-20-flowered; hypanthium pubescent; petals 12 m. long, oblanceolate. A little-known form which has been 

 collected only "in sagebrush land, Ellensburg, Washington." 



4. PERAPHYLLUM Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1 : 474. 1840. 



Low shrub with grayish bark. Leaves alternate, crowded at the ends of the branches, 

 simple, entire or serrulate. Flowers appearing- with the leaves, solitary or 2 or 3 together, 

 perfect, regular. Hypanthium subglobose, adnate to the ovary. Sepals 5, persistent. 

 Petals 5, orbicular. Ovary with 2 carpels, but 4-celled by 2 false partitions ; styles 2 or 3, 

 slender, stamens about 20. Fruit a pome, fleshy and bitter, the carpels cartilaginous. 

 [Name Greek, meaning very leafy.] 



A monotypic genus of the Great Basin region. 



1. Peraphyllum ramosissimum Nutt. Squaw Apple. Fig. 2539. 



Peraphyllum ramosissimum Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 474. 1840. 



Low, intricately branched shrub, 1-2 m. high. Leaves 2-4 cm. long, narrowly oblanceolate, 

 narrowed at the base, acute at the apex, sparingly appressed-pubescent, entire or serrulate, the 

 teeth tipped with deciduous glands ; sepals triangular, reflexed ; petals pale pink ; fruit yellowish, 

 8-10 mm. thick, very bitter. 



Dry hills, Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition Zones; eastern Oregon and northeastern California to south- 

 ern Utah and western Colorado. Type locality: "dry hillsides near the Blue Mountains of the Oregon." April- 

 May. 



5. CRATAEGUS L. Sp. PI. 475. 1753. 



Shrubs or small trees, usually armed with thorns or spines. Leaves deciduous, alter- 

 nate, petioled, simple, toothed and usually more or less lobed. Flowers in terminal cor- 

 ymbs or cymes. Hypanthium cup-shaped or campanulate, adnate to the ovary. Sepals 5, 

 reflexed after anthesis. Petals 5, white or pink, spreading, rounded. Stamens 5-25, in- 

 serted on the margin of the hypanthium in 1-3 series; filaments filiform. Ovary inferior, 

 1-5-celled; styles 1-5, separate, usually surrounded at the base by tomentum; ovules 

 usually 1 in each cell, or if 2 dissimilar. Pome small, yellow, red, or rarely blue or black, 

 containing 1-5 bony and 1 -seeded carpels. [Greek, meaning strong, from the hardness 

 and toughness of the wood.] 



About 300 species, natives of the north temperate zone of both hemispheres, extending to the tablelands of 

 Mexico and the Andes, but most abundant in the eastern United States. Type species, Crataegus Oxyacantha L. 



Sepals short-triangular, merely acute; fruit black. 1. C. Douglasii. 



Sepals attenuate, usually more or less glandular-toothed; fruit purple or red. 



Inflorescence glabrous or glabrate. 2. C. Columbiana. 



Inflorescence densely villous. 3. C. Piperi. 



1. Crataegus Douglasii Lindl. Douglas' Thorn-apple. Fig. 2540. 



Crataegus punctata var. brevispina Dougl. ex Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 201. 1833. 

 Crataegus Douglasii Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21: pi. 1810. 1835. 



Shrub or small tree, 5-12 m. high, armed with stout thorns 1-2 cm. long. Leaves broadly 

 obovate, 2-7 cm. long, obtuse or acutish at apex, more or less doubly serrate above the cuneate 

 base, those of young shoots often incisely lobed, glabrous beneath, pubescent at least on the mid- 

 rib above, rather thick and firm; pedicels glabrous or sparingly hairy; corymbs usually many- 

 flowered ; hypanthium glabrous, the short-triangular sepals more or less villous toward the apex, 

 entire ; petals orbicular, 4-5 mm. long ; anthers pink ; fruit black, smooth. 



Along streams and the edges of meadows, Humid Transition Zone; western British Columbia to central 

 California, west of the Cascade Mountains. Type locality: vicinity of Vancouver, Washington. April-June. 



