VIOLET FAMILY 125 



1. Viola Douglasii Steudel. Douglas' or Golden Violet. Fig. 3251. 



Viola chrysantha Hook. Ic. PI. 1 : pi. 49. 1837. Not Schrad. 1834. 

 Viola Douglasii Steudel, Nom. ed. 2. 771. 1841. 



Plants 5-14 cm. high, the stems mainly subterranean from short deep-seated rootstalks. 

 Leaves bipinnatifid, 2-5 cm. long, the segments linear or linear-oblong, light green, more or less 

 hirsutulous with short spreading hairs, especially on the margins ; petioles 5-10 cm. long ; 

 peduncles equaling or surpassing the leaves; petals 12-18 mm. long, orange-yellow, the lateral 

 and lower purple-veined, the two upper brownish purple on the back; capsule 6-8 mm. long, 

 acute. 



Dry open slopes, usually in gravelly soils. Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition Zones; Josephine County 

 to Klamath County, Oregon, south through the Inner Coast Ranges and the foothills of the Sierra Nevada to 

 the Cuyamaca Mountains, California. Type locality: California. Collected by Douglas. March-May. 



2. Viola Beckwithii Terr. & Gray. Beckwith's or Great Basin Violet. 



Fig. 3252 



Viola Beckwithii Torr. & Gray, Pacif. R. Rep. 2: 119. pi. 1. 1855. 



Plants low, 3-10 cm. high, the stems mainly subterranean, arising from short rootstocks. 

 Leaves palmately biternate or triternate, 2-4 cm. broad, minutely pubescent with short, stiff 

 spreading hairs, especially on the margins, the lobes linear or linear-oblong, obtuse and callous- 

 tipped; peduncles usually surpassing the leaves; petals 10-15 mm. long, the upper two deep 

 violet, the others pale violet with a yellow base, the lateral ones bearded on the claw with short, 

 clavate hairs; the stigma-head retrorsely bearded. 



Moist, stony ground. Upper Sonoran Zone; Wallowa Mountains, Oregon, southward east of the Cascade- 

 Sierra Nevada divide to Inyo County, California, eastward through the Great Basin region to Utah; in the 

 Klamath Basin, extending westward to Siskiyou County, California. Type locality: "On the slopes of a 

 mountain between Great Salt Lake and the Sierra Nevada." March-May. 



3. Viola Hallii A. Gray. Hall's Violet. Fig. 3253. 



Viola Hallii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 377. 1872. 



Plants low, 5-10 cm. high, glabrous, the stems mainly subterranean arising from a short 

 deep-seated rootstock. Leaves 3-4 cm. long, oblong-ovate in outline, pinnately twice divided into 

 linear-oblong callous-apiculate acutish lobes; peduncles mostly surpassing the leaves; petals 

 8-12 mm. long, the two upper deep violet, the other pale yellow or white, veined with purple, 

 the lateral ones bearded on claw with short clavate hairs. 



Open grassland, in light gravelly soils, mainly Transition Zone; Willamette Valley, Oregon, to Mendocino 

 and Trinity Counties, California. Type locality: Salem, Oregon. March-June. 



4. Viola trinervata Howell. Sagebrush or Howell's Violet. Fig. 3254. 



Viola chrysantha var. glaberrima Torr. Hot. Wilkes Exped. 238. 1874. 

 Viola Beckwithii var. trinervata Howell, Bot. Gaz. 8: 207. 1883. 

 Viola trinervata Howell, Bot. Gaz. 11: 290. 1886 



Plant low, 5-8 cm. high, glabrous, the stems mainly underground from a short deep-seated 

 rootstock. Leaves pedately parted, the segments lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate, acute, becoming 

 firm in age and distinctly 3-nerved, the lateral nerves marginal ; peduncles usually longer than 

 the leaves ; petals 12-15 mm. long, the upper pair dark violet, the others varymg from pale violet 

 to white, with a yellow base ; capsule 7-8 mm. long, obtuse. 



Dry hillsides, usually in gravelly soils. Upper Sonoran Zone; eastern Washington from the Grand Coulee 

 southward, east of the Cascade Mountains to Sherman County and eastern Malheur County, Oregon, lype 

 locality: near Goldendale. Klickitat County, Washington. March-May. Three-nerved Violet. 



5. Viola Sheltonii Torr. Shelton's Violet. Fig. 3255. 



Viola Sheltonii Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 67. pi. 2. 1856. 



Plants 8-20 cm. high, from slender elongated and rather deep-seated rootstocks Leaves 

 suborbicular in outline, 3-5 cm. broad, palmately biternate, the divisions cuneate at base, the 

 ultimate lobes oblong, rounded at apex, glabrous or sparsely puberulent with short stout hairs ; 

 peduncles shorter or surpassing the leaves ; petals yellow, vemed with brownish purple, lU-lZ 

 mm. long, beardless ; capsule 7-8 mm. long. 



On moist banks or in open woods, usually in partial shade. Arid Transition Zone; Klickitat County, W^ 

 ington. Klamath Basin and Rogue River, Oregon, southward through the Sierra Nevada to the ban liernar 

 dino Mountains, California. Type locality: Yuba River, California. March-June. 



6. Viola lobata Benth. Yellow Wood or Pine Violet. Fig. 3256. 



Viola lobata Benth. PI. Hartw. 298. 1848. 

 Viola seqiwiensis Kell. Free. Calif. Acad. 2: 185. 1863. 

 Viola dactylifera Greene, Pittonia 3: 317. 1898. 

 Viola psychodes Greene, op. cit. 318. 



Plants arising from rather shallow simple or branching rootstocks, the ^erba£ glabrous 

 and more or less glaucous, varying to rather thickly puberulent, ^^0 cm. high Basal leaver 

 with slender petioles about as long as the lower internode of the stem the leaf-blades remform 

 to ovate, 3-8 cm. broad, usually cordate at base more or less de^P^ylf^^^^ or parted .^^^^^^^^^^^ 

 several divisions; stipules herbaceous or even foliaceous, entire, toothed or lacmiate, peduncles 



