126 VIOLACEAE 



seldom surpassing the. leaves ; petals 12-18 mm. long, yellow, the upper ones brown on the outer 

 surface ; capsule 8-10 mm. long, acutish, glabrous. 



Open coniferous forests, Transition Zone; Jackson and Josephine Counties, Oregon, southward through 

 the North Coast Ranges and the Sierra Nevada to the Cuyamaca Mountains, California. Type locality: northern 

 Sierra Nevada. April-June. 



Viola lobata var. integrifolia S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 57. 1876. {Viola deltoidea Greene, Pittonia 3: 

 317. 1898.) Leaves ovate-deltoid, irregularly toothed but not lobed, complete intergradation with the typical 

 species is evident in the North Coast Ranges of California. Siskiyou Mountains, southern Oregon, to the North 

 Coast Ranges, California; also in the Cuyamaca Mountains, San Diego County, California. Type locality: 

 not given. 



7. Viola glabella Nutt. Stream or Smooth Yellow Violet, Fig. 3257. 



Viola glabella Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 142. 1838. 



Plants bright green and glabrous or sparsely puberulent, arising from branching horizontal 

 scaly rootstocks, the stems ascending or erect, 7-30 cm. high. Basal leaves reniform-cordate, 

 3-8 cm. broad, crenate-serrate, long-petioled ; stem-leaves similar, usually exceeding their short 

 petioles; stipules small, membranous; peduncles 2-A cm. long; petals pale yellow, 8^14 mm. 

 long, the lower and lateral ones purple-veined, the lateral pubescent on the claw, with short 

 clavate hairs ; spur saccate, 2-3 mm. long ; capsule 8-10 mm. long, oblong, abruptly beaked. 



Moist banks usuallv in deep shade, mainly Transition Zones; southern Alaska southward through the 

 Coast Ranges to Monterey County, California; Cascade Mountains south to Tulare County, California, in the 

 Sierra Nevada and eastward to northern Idaho and Montana. Type locality: "Shady woods of the Oregon 

 [Columbia River]." March-July. 



8. Viola sempervirens Greene. Evergreen or Redwood Violet. Fig, 3258. 



Viola sarmentosa Dougl. ex Hook Fl. Bor. Amer. 1 : 80. 1830. Not Bieber. 1808. 

 Viola sempervirens Greene. Pittonia 4: 8. 1899. 



Plants arising from slender rootstocks, glabrous or very sparsely pubescent, the stems 

 slender, prostrate and stoloniferous. Leaves broadly ovate-cordate to round-cordate, 2-4 cm. 

 broad, finely crenate-serrate, becoming rather firm and persistent, dark green above, brownish- 

 punctate on both surfaces, especially in age, sparsely pubescent on the veins with pointed 

 appressed hairs; stipules lanceolate, brown-scarious ; peduncles well surpassing or the latter 

 about equaling the leaves; petals yellow, 8-12 mm. long, finely purple-veined; spur saccate, 2-3 

 mm. long; capsule ovoid, 6-7 mm. long, obtuse, smooth. 



Moist wooded banks, mainly Humid Transition Zone; western British Columbia southward mainly west 

 of the Cascade Mountains to the California Coast Ranges, reaching the southern limit in Monterey County. 

 Type locality: "Hilly wooded places near Fort Vancouver [Vancouver, Washington]. March-June. 



9. Viola orbiculata Geyer. Western Round-leaved Violet. Fig. 3259, 



Viola orbiculata Geyer ex Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 73. 1847, as a synonym. 

 Viola sarmentosa var. orbiculata A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. l^: 199. 1895. 

 Viola orbiculata Howell. Fl. N. W. Amer. 70. 1897. 

 Viola sempervirens var. orbiculata Henry, Fl. S. Brit. Columbia 208. 1915. 



Rootstocks rather stout, short, 2-5 cm. long, never stoloniferous and creeping. Leaves thin- 

 ner than in sempervirens, reniform-cordate, 2-5 cm. wide, rather finely crenate-serrate, bright 

 green and glabrous or sparsely short-pubescent above, pale beneath and not brownish-punctate; 

 petioles glabrous ; peduncles a little surpassing or often shorter than the leaves ; petals 8-12 mm. 

 long, yellow and purple-veined, the lateral ones little or not at all bearded ; spur short-saccate ; 

 later cauline flowers often cleistogamous ; capsule glabrous or obscurely scabrous. 



Canyons and moist coniferous woods, mainly Canadian Zone; southern British Columbia south in the 

 Cascade Mountains to Crater Lake and also to the Blue and Wallowa Mountains, Oregon, east to northern 

 Idaho and western Montana. Type locality: Coeur d'Alene Mountains, Idaho. May-July. 



10, Viola pedunculata Torr. & Gray, California Golden Violet. Fig. 3260. 



Viola pedunculata Torr. & Gray. Fl. N. Amer. 1 : 141. 1838. 



Plants arising from deep-seated tuber-like rootstocks, stems branching at the surface of 

 the ground and ascending, 10-35 cm. high. Leaves broadly ovate-deltoid, 2-3 cm. broad, mostly 

 truncate at base, shallowly crenate, sparsely pubescent; stipules narrowly lanceolate, herba- 

 ceous; peduncles 6-12 cm. long, erect, much surpassing the leaves; petals broad, 12-18 mm. 

 long, golden yellow, the upper pair brown on the back, the others purple-veined, the lateral with 

 short clavate hairs on the claws; capsule broad, ovoid. 



Grassy hillsides. Upper Sonoran Zone; California Coast Ranges and southern Sierra Nevada, from Napa and 

 Tulare Counties to San Diego County and adjacent Lower California. Type locality: probably near Monterey, 

 originally collected by Douglas. Feb.-May. Yellow Pansy, Johnny-jump-up. 



11. Viola praemorsa Dougl. Astoria Violet. Fig. 3261. 



Viola praemorsa Dougl. ex Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15; pi. 1254. 1829. 



Viola Niittallii subsp. praemorsa Piper, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 11: 393. 1906. 



Plants arising from rather short vertical rootstocks, when young flowering from the base, 

 the stems elongating tardily, at length with two or three short internodes, ascending or decum- 

 bent, 5-20 cm. long, more or less densely villous. Lower leaves long-petioled, rather densely 

 villous especially on the petioles, the blades ovate-elliptic, 4-8 cm. long, entire or usually shal- 

 lowly crenate ; peduncles shorter than or surpassing the leaves ; flowers lemon-yellow, the petals 

 rather narrowly oblong-obovate, 12-15 mm. long, the lateral with a tuft of short clavate hairs 



