VIOLET FAMILY 127 



on the inner surface, the lower veined with brownish purple ; capsule very sparsely pubescent 



or usually entirely glabrous. 



Open prairies and slopes, mainly Humid Transition Zone; Pierce and Klickitat Counties, Washington, 

 southward west of the Cascade Mountains to Humboldt and Trinity Counties, California. Type locality: along 

 the lower Columbia River. Collected by Douglas. April-June. 



Viola praemorsa var. linguaefolia (Nutt.) M. E. Peck, Man. PI. Oregon 486. 1941. (Viola linguae- 

 folia Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 141. 1S38; Viola Nuttallii subsp. linguaefolia Piper in Piper 

 & Beattie, Fl. S. E. Wash. 166. 1914.) Plants sparsely retrorsely pubescent; petioles usually well elongated, 

 the blades often well elongated, entire or remotely and shallowly toothed. Kittitas County, eastern Washington 

 to northeastern Oregon and east to Wyoming and Colorado. Type locality: "Kamas Prairie, near the sources 

 of the Oregon." 



Viola praemorsa var. major (Hook.) M. E. Peck, loc. cit. {V. Nuttallii var. major Hook. Fl. Bor. 

 Amer. 1: 79. 1830.) Stems more elongate, up to 20 cm. long, sparsely short-villous or glabrate. Leaves 

 narrowly to rather broadly ovate, 4-8 cm. long, somewhat undulate crenate-dentate, both sides more or 

 less pubescent, the long petiole slightly winged; sepals acute; capsules puberulent. Spokane County, Washing- 

 ton, and adjacent Idaho, southward east of the Cascade Mountains to the Blue Mountains of Oregon and to 

 northeastern California. Type locality: "Abundant under the shade of pines on the dry sandy plains of the 

 Columbia." 



Viola praemorsa var. oregona Baker & Clausen ex M. E. Peck, loc. cit. Stems short and tufted; 

 under surface of the leaves, petioles and peduncles more or less densely hirsute; leaves more numerous 

 and the blades smaller, lanceolate to ovate, 2-4 cm. long, entire to irregularly sinuate-toothed; petals smaller, 

 about 1 cm. long. Dry ground in open woods. Arid Transition Zone; southern Klamath County, Oregon, to the 

 vicinity of Yreka, Siskiyou County, California. Type locality: southern Klamath County. 



12. Viola Bakeri Greene. Baker's Violet. Fig. 3262. 



Viola Bakeri Greene. Pittonia 3: 307. 1899. 



Plants with a deep-seated vertical woody taproot giving rise at the crown to 1 to several 

 short subligneous caudices, glabrous or usually minutely retrorse-puberulent or pubescent. 

 Leaves oval to oblong-lanceolate, 2.5-3.5 cm. long, usually much shorter than the petioles, 

 entire or sometimes the margins slightly undulate, both surfaces similar, rather indistinctly 

 veined; flowers shorter than or little surpassing the leaves, light yellow, the lower veined with 

 purple, 8-12 mm. long, the upper not purplish on the back. 



Open ground, usually flowering where snow has recently melted. Boreal Zones; Cascade Mountains, Lane 

 County, Oregon, south to the Siskiyou Mountains and Eldorado County, California. Type locality: Bear 

 Valley, Shasta County. California. 



13. Viola purpiirea Kell. Mountain Violet. Fig. 3263. 



Viola purpurea Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 1: 56. 1855. 



Plants from shallow rootstocks usually with several stems from the same crown, the herbage 

 more or less pubescent with retrorsely spreading pubescence, and usually tinged with purple, 

 the stems ascending, 8-30 cm. high. Lower leaves broadly to narrowly ovate, obtuse at apex, 

 usually truncate or subcordate at base, 2-4 cm. long, irregularly serrate-dentate, upper leaves 

 narrower and usually more pubescent ; stipules at least the upper foliaceous, oblong-lanceolate, 

 lacerate or dentate; peduncles scattered in the upper axils, well surpassing the leaves; flowers 

 yellow, 15-18 mm. broad; upper petals brown on the back, the lateral purple-veined and bearded 

 at the top of the claw, the lower purple-veined ; capsule ovoid, pubescent. 



Open coniferous forest in dry gravelly soils. Arid Transition Zone; Siskiyou Mountains, southern Oregon 

 southward through the Coast Ranges and the Sierra Nevada to southern California. Type locality: Placerville, 

 California. April-June. 



Viola purpurea var. pinetorum Greene. Fl. Fran. 243. 1891. {Viola pinetorum Greene, Pittonia 2: 14. 

 1889- V. purpurea var. grisea Jepson, Fl. Calif. 2: 521. 1936.) Leaves ovate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 

 irregularly and sinuate-dentate to lacerate or subentire, canescent with a dense retrorse-spreading pubescence. 

 This subspecies replaces the typical species in the higher altitudes, occupying the Boreal Zones of the central 

 and southern Sierra Nevada and extending to the high peaks of the southern California ranges. Type locality: 

 "Pine woods of the higher mountains south of Tehachapi," Kern County, California. 



Viola purpurea var. aurea (Kell.) M. S. Baker ex Jepson. Fl. Calif. 2: 521. 1936. iViola aurea Kell. 

 Proc Calif Acad. 2: 185. fig. 54. 1862.) Leaves especially the lower surface more or less densely white- 

 woolly-pubescent, broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, irregularly crenate-dentate, pale sage-green Eastern base 

 of the Sierra Nevada from Plumas County, southward to the edges of the Mojave Desert, and eastward into 

 western Nevada. In the Mojave Desert the pubescence becomes more like that of variety pinetorum and the 

 two varieties intergrade or hybridize freely. Type locality: western Nevada, probably near Keno. 



Viola purpurea var. venosa (S. Wats.) Brainerd, Bull. Vt Agr. Exper. Sta. No. 224: 111. 1921 (Viola 

 Nuttallii var. venosa S. Wats. Bot. King Expl. 35. 1871; V. atnphctfoha Greene, Pittonia 3. 38 1896, 

 V. venosa Rvdb. Mem. N.Y. Bot. Card. 1:262. 1900; V. purpurea var. geophyta M. E. Peck Man PI. 

 Oregon 486. "l941.) Herbage not canescent, minutely and rather thinly Pubescent Leaves broadly ovate, enUre 

 or usually coarsely and irregularly dentate. Montane and mainly confined to the Boreal Zones British Colum- 

 bia southward through eastern Washington and Oregon to northeastern California, eastward to Montana and 

 Colorado. Type locality: near snow line, Humboldt Mountains, Nevada. 



14. Viola cuneata S. Wats. Wedge-leaved Violet. Fig. 3264. 



Viola cuneata S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 290. 1879. 



Plants from rather deep-branching rootstocks, glabrous throughout, the stems slender as- 

 cending, 6-25 cm. high. Basal leaves rhombic-ovate, often broader than long, 2^ cni. long, 

 crenate-serrate, abruptly acute at apex, abruptly attenuate at base; petioles elongated very 

 slender; stem-leaves narrower, cuneate at base, their petioles much shorter; stipules Herba- 

 ceous, entire ; peduncles mostly not surpassing the leaves ; petals all purple on the back, _»-l^ 

 mm. long, the upper pair deep purple bordered with white, the lateral paler or whitish with a 

 large deep purple spot, very sparsely bearded or naked, the lower veined with dark purple. 



Rocky soils, especially in serpentine. Transition Zones; Curry and Josephine Counties, Oregon, to Trinity 



