VIOLET FAMILY 129 



and Mendocino Counties, California. Type locality: "high ridge south of Trinity River," Humboldt County, 

 California. April-June. Northern Two-eyed Violet, Butterfly Violet. 



15. Viola ocellata Torr. & Gray. Two-eyed Violet. Fig. 3265. 



Viola ocellata Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 142. 1838. 



Plants from rather slender deep-seated rootstocks, sparsely pubescent with short stout 

 spreading hairs, the stems erect or ascending, 10-30 cm. high. Basal leaves cordate, 3-7_ cm. 

 long, acute, crenate-serrate, the upper shallowly cordate or truncate at base; stipules scarious, 

 glandular-fimbriate ; flowers in the upper axils ; peduncles mostly shorter than the leaves ; 

 petals 10-15 mm. long, the two upper white on the inner surface and deep violet on the back, 

 the two lateral white or yellow with a large purple spot at base on the inner surface, the lower 

 petal purple-veined; capsule puberulent with short papillate hairs. 



Wooded slopes, mainly Humid Transition Zone; Douglas County, Oregon, southward through the Coast 

 Ranges to Monterey County, California. Type locality: California, collected by Douglas. March-June. Pinto 

 Pansy. 



16. Viola canadensis L. Canada Violet. Fig. 3266. 



Viola canadensis L. Sp. PI. 936. 1753. 



Plants from rather stout rootstocks, glabrous or sparsely short-pubescent, erect, 2-A dm. 

 high. Leaves broadly ovate, cordate, acute or acuminate, serrate; stipules scarious, lanceolate- 

 subulate; peduncles solitary in the axils of the stem-leaves and not surpassing them; sepals 

 subulate; inner surface of petals white with bright yellow spots at base, the outside of the 

 upper pair purple, the others veined with purple, the lateral pair bearded; capsule ovoid, 

 puberulent. 



Moist woods. Transition and Boreal Zones; British Columbia and northeastern Washington to New Bruns- 

 wick. Virginia, New Alexico, and Arizona. Type locality: Canada. May-July. 



17. Viola Flettii Piper. Olympic or Rock Violet. Fig. 3267. 



Viola Flettii Piper, Erythea 6: 69. 1898. 



Plant from a rather deep-seated slender rootstock, glabrous, the stems slender, ascend- 

 ing, 6-15 cm. high. Basal leaves on elongated slender petioles, broadly reniform, 2.5-4 cm. 

 broad, closely crenate-serrate, purple-veined; stem-leaves similar but small and short-petioled ; 

 stipules scarious, lanceolate, attenuate, entire ; peduncles about equaling the leaves ; sepals glab- 

 rous or minutely puberulent; petals all lavender-violet, tinged with yellow at base, 12-14 mm. 

 long; the lateral pair papillose-bearded at base of the blade. 



Rock crevices. Boreal Zones; Olympic Mountains, Washington. Type locality: near Mount Constance. 

 July-AuE. 



18. Viola bellidifolia Greene. Daisy-leaved Violet. Fig. 3268. 



Viola bellidifolia Greene, Pittonia 4: 292. 1901. 



Plants very dwarf, not over 2-5 cm. high, glabrous throughout, rootstock erect, short, the 

 leafy stems very short. Leaves broadly ovate, subcordate to broadly cuneate at base, 8-15 mm. 

 long, shallowly and rather remotely crenate; peduncles equaling or well exceeding the leaves; 

 sepals oblong, acute ; petals white at base or about to the middle and purple-veined ; deep blue- 

 violet above, 4-5 mm. long, the lateral pair bearded near the base, spur rather stout, equaling 

 or a little shorter than the blade. 



Wet meadows. Boreal Zones, Cascade, Paulina, and Wallowa Mountains, Oregon, east to Idaho, Wyomin|r, 

 Utah, and Colorado. Closely related to Viola adunca and possibly not specifically distinct. Type locality: ' Slide 

 Rock Canyon, west of Mt. Hesperus," Colorado. June-Aug. 



19. Viola adunca J. E. Smith. Western Dog Violet. Fig. 3269. 



Viola adunca J. E. Smith in Rees, Cycl. 37: no. 63. 1817. 



Viola canina var. adunca A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 377. 1872. 



Plants from a slender branching rootstock, glabrous or usually puberulent, the stems 

 scarcely perceptible to 25 cm. long, ascending, sometimes decumbent but not rooting. Basal 

 leaves ovate to round-ovate, cordate to subtruncate at base, 2-3 cm. long, crenate with low 

 broad teeth ; petioles slender, 2-8 mm. long ; stem-leaves similar, with shorter petioles ; stipules 

 herbaceous, commonly lacerate, peduncles well exceeding the leaves ; flowers violet-blue ; petals 

 1-1.5 cm. long, obovate, the lateral with a tuft of slender hairs at the base of the blades; spur 

 narrow, straight or often hooked at tip, about half as long as the blades. 



Meadows and slopes. Boreal and Transition Zones; widespread over the northern part of North America. 

 In the Pacific States it is found on both sides of the Cascade Mountains, ranging from sea level to near the 

 snow line and extending southward to central California along the coast and to southern California in the 

 mountains. This is a polymorphic species of which many segregates have been proposed, lype locality: West 

 Coast of North America. April-July. Hooked-spur Violet. 



Viola adunca subsp. oxyceras (S. Wats.) Piper, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 11 : 395. 1906. (Kto/a canina 

 var. oxvceras S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 56. 1876; V. oxyceras Greene, Pittonia 3: 255. 1897; K adunca var 

 oxvceras S. Wats, ex Jepson, Man. Fl. PI. Calif. 647. 1925.) Corolla-spur more slender usually straight and 

 pointed. This is the common subspecies of the Cascade Mountains of southern Oregon and extend.s throu-h the 

 Sierra Nevada to the San Bernardino Mountains. California. Type locality: Yosemite Valley and Donner Pass, 

 California. 



Viola adunca var. uncinulata (Greene) Applegate, Amer. Midi. Nat. 22: 282. 1939. (Viola uncinulaia 

 Greene. Leaflets Bot. Obs. 2: 97. 1910.) Plants glabrous; peduncles very slender almost filiform. Leaves 

 broadly ovate; petals rather narrowly oblong; spur very slender, distinctly curved or uncinate at the tip, one- 

 half to two-thirds as long as the blade. Mountain meadows. Boreal Zones; Cascade Mountains of Oregon from 



