EVENING-PRIMROSE FAMILY 195 



6. Oenothera californica S. Wats. California Evening-primrose. Fig. 3413. 



Oenothera albicauHs var. californica S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 582. 1873. 



Oenothera californica S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 223. 1876. 



Anogra californica Small, Bull. Torrey Club 23: 176. 1896. 



Oenothera pallida var. californica Jepson, Man. Fl. PI. Calif. 681. 1925. 



Perennial from underground rootstalks, rather coarse-stemmed, rarely simple, usually 

 branched, 1^ (6) dm. tall, frequently decumbent or ascending, ashy with short appressed hairs 

 throughout and with some longer spreading ones in upper parts, epidermis exfoliating. Leaves 

 variable, blades of lower ones oblanceolate to spatulate in outline, of cauline ones oblong to 

 lanceolate, all varying from subentire to deeply and regularly sinuate-dentate, 1-6 cm. long, 

 sessile or on very short petioles ; flowers several, vespertine ; buds nodding ; hypanthium slender, 

 2-4 cm. long, strigillose and villous; sepals lance-linear, 1.5-2 cm. long, with free tips very short 

 or quite wanting; petals orbicular-obovate, 2-3 cm. long, frequently emarginate and with small 

 tooth in sinus ; stamens subequal ; stigma-lobes 4-6 mm. long ; capsule terete, usually divaricate 

 and somewhat curved upwards, 2-5 cm. long, about 3 mm. thick near the base ; seeds plump, obo- 

 void, about 1 . 5 mm. long, brown with dark spots. 



Dry planes, Upper Sonoran and lower Transition Zones; California from Ventura County to Lower Cali- 

 fornia, and along the edge of the desert to Mono County and Nevada. Type locality: California. April-June. 



Oenothera californica var. glabrata Munz, Amer. Journ. Bot. 18: 327. 1931. {Oenothera pallida Jepson, 

 Man. Fl. PI. Calif. 681. 1925. Not Lindl.) Like the species but glabrous throughout. Upper Sonoran Zone of 

 cismontane Riverside, San Bernardino, and Los Angeles Counties, California. Type locality: vicinity of San 

 Bernardino, California. 



7. Oenothera caespitosa Nutt. Cespitose Evening-primrose. Fig. 3414. 



Oenothera caespitosa Nutt. ex Fraser's Cat. no. S3. 1813; Sims, Bot. Mag. 39: pi. 1593. 1813. 

 Pachylophis caespitosits Raimann in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. 3': 215. 1893. 



Cespitose perennial, acaulescent or nearly so, quite glabrous throughout. Leaves oblanceo- 

 late, the blades 3-10 cm. long, sinuate-dentate to subentire, on winged petioles of about same 

 length ; flowers fragrant, vespertine ; hypanthium 5-8 cm. long, often tinged reddish ; sepals 

 2.5-3.5 cm. long, with scarcely any free tips; petals white, aging pink, broadly obcordate, 2.5-4 

 cm. long ; stamens subequal, glabrous ; stigma-lobes 5-8 mm. long ; capsule lance-ovoid, 2-3 cm. 

 long, with low rounded tubercles on the angles ; seeds dark brown, about 3 mm. long, obovoid, 

 minutely cellular-roughened, conspicuously furrowed along the raphe. 



This glabrous typical form of the species is rare in our range and extends from eastern Oregon to Dakota. 

 Type locality: Upper Louisiana, on the banks of the Missouri River. May-July. 



Oenothera caespitosa var. montana (Nutt.) Durand, Bot. Basin Great Salt Lake 164. 1859. (Oenothera 

 tnontana Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 500. 1840; Pachylophis montanus A. Nels. Bull. Torrey 

 Club 26: 128. 1899.) Plant acaulescent; leaves canescent-pubescent on margins; hypanthium 3-8 cm. long; 

 capsule sessile, ovoid, not tubercled, about 2 cm. long. Dry slopes, LTpper Sonoran Zone; from eastern Oregon 

 to Inyo County, California, and to Colorado and Nebraska. Type locality: "Plains of the Platte in the Rocky 

 Mountains." 



Oenothera caespitosa var. purpurea (S. Wats.) Munz, Amer. Journ. Bot. 18: 730. 1931. (Oenothera 

 marginata var. purpurea S. Wats. Bot. King Expl. 108. 1871; Pachylophis canesccns Piper, Contr. U.S. Nat. 

 Herb. 11: 409. 1906.) Acaulescent, densely canescent throughout with a fine appressed pubescence; capsule 

 linear-oblong, 2-3 cm. long, sessile, with low rounded tubercles. Dry slopes, Upper Sonoran Zone; eastern 

 Washington and Oregon and adjacent California to the Rocky Mountains. Type locality: east Humboldt Moun- 

 tains, Nevada. 



Oenothera caespitosa var. marginata (Nutt.) Munz, op. cit. 733. (Oenothera marginata Nutt. ex Hook. 

 & Arn. Bot. Beechey 342. 1838.) Villous-hirsute, frequently caulescent; leaves linear-lanceolate, sinuate-pin- 

 natifid; capsule 3-4 cm. long, pedicelled, linear-cylindric, scarcely ridged, with low tubercles. Dry slopes, chiefly 

 Upper Sonoran Zone; eastern Washington to eastern California and Utah. Type locality: "Rocky Mountains in 

 Upper California, about lat. 42°." 



Oenothera caespitosa var. longiflora (Heller) Munz, op. cit. 734. (Anogra longiflora Heller, Muhlen- 

 bergia 2: 224. 1906.) Plant subglabrous except for a few hairs along the margins of the leaves,_ about the 

 ovaries and sepals, which latter may also be finely glandular-puberulent; otherwise much as in marginata. Dry 

 slopes, Inyo County, California, to adjacent Nevada. Type locality: Silver Canyon, White Mountains, Inyo 

 County, California. 



8. Oenothera xylocarpa Coville, Woody-fruited Evening-primrose. Fig. 3415. 



Oenothera xylocarpa Coville, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 4: 105. pi. 8. 1893. 

 Anogra xylocarpa Small, Bull. Torrey Club 23: 174. 1896. 



Acaulescent perennial with thick vertical root and thick caudex surmounted by crown of 

 leaves at surface of ground. Leaf-blades pinnately parted, often spotted red, 2-7 cm. long, broadly 

 oblanceolate to obovate in outline, with a dense soft, sometimes canescent pubescence, terminal 

 lobe much the largest, petioles about as long as blades ; flowers vespertine ; hypanthium slender, 

 almost villous, 2.5^.5 cm. long; sepals 2-3 cm. long; petals bright yellow, aging salmon-red, 

 2.5-3 cm. long, with broad sinus 4-5 mm. deep; stamens subequal; stigma-lobes 4-5 mm. long; 

 capsule somewhat woody, 3.5-6 cm. long, the body proper 7-8 mm. thick at base and winged, 

 tapering gradually into a long slender wingless upper portion, capsule 4-faced, with medium 

 nerve on each face; seeds in 2 rows in each cell, brownish, 2-2.5 mm. long, narrowly obo- 

 void, angled, roughened and minutely tubercled, with a broad flat raphe. 



Dry benches among pines. Arid Transition Zone; east slope of the Sierra Nevada, Mono County to Tulare 

 County, California; Washoe County, Nevada. Type locality: west side of Whitney Meadows, later called 

 Volcano Meadows, in Upper Kern River Basin, Tulare County, California. June-Aug. 



