206 ONAGRACEAE 



yellow, 3-5 mm. long; stamens unequal; capsules linear, slender, 1-1.5 mm. in diameter, 15—25 

 mm. long; seeds numerous, light brown, obovoid, 1 mm. long. 



Dry slopes and washes, Lower Sonoran Zone; Death Valley region, eastern California to Utah and Arizona. 

 Type locality: Valley of the Virgin, near St. George, Utah. March-May. Differing from Oenothera multijuga 

 S. Wats, by having flowers about half as large, the species proper not entering California. 



35. Oenothera scapoidea var. seorsa (A. Nels.) Munz. Scapoid Primrose. 



Fig. 3442. 



Chylismia scapoidea var. seorsa A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 54: 140. 1912. 

 Oenothera scapoidea var. seorsa Munz, Amer. Journ. Bot. 15: 233. 1928. 



Annual, simple or branching from base, erect or spreading, glabrate below, glandular-puber- 



ulent above, 1-4 dm. tall, the stems quite simple above. Leaves mostly in lower part of plant, 



prevailingly simple, ovate to oblong-ovate, the blades 1-4 cm. long, with petioles somewhat 



longer; upper leaves much reduced; inflorescence mostly racemose; pedicels capillary, 5-15 mm. 



long ; hypanthium 1 . 5-3 mm. long ; sepals 2 mm. long ; petals yellow, 2-3 mm. long ; stamens 



unequal; capsules quite erect, clavate, slightly curved, 10-25 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. thick; seeds 



brownish, obovoid, 1 . 5-2 mm. long. 



Dry mesas and in disturbed areas, Upper Sonoran Zone; Baker County, Oregon, and Inyo County, Cali- 

 fornia, to Wyoming and Colorado. Type locality : Evanston, Wyoming. May-June. Differing from the species, 

 which does not enter our range, by its glandular pubescence. 



36. Oenothera clavaeformis Torr. & Frem. Clavate-fruited Primrose. Fig. 3443. 



Oenothera clavaeformis Torr. & Frem. in Frem. Second Rep. 314. 1845. 

 Oenothera scapoidea var. clavaeformis S. Wats. Bot. King Expl. 109. 1871. 

 Chylismia clavaeformis Heller, Muhlenbergia 2: 105. 1906. 



Annual, simple or with few unbranched stems from the base, 1-4 dm. tall, glabrate to finely 

 pubescent below, glabrate about the infloresence. Leaves mostly in a basal rosette, simple and 

 irregularly dentate, with ovate blades 2-5 cm. long and petioles of same length, rarely pinnati- 

 fid ; cauline leaves much reduced ; inflorescence racemose, somewhat peduncled, the flowers quite 

 crowded in anthesis, pedicels 8-25 mm. long ; hypanthium and sepals glabrous, each about 5 mm. 

 long ; petals white, often drying reddish, 4-6 mm. long ; the corolla often reddish brown at base ; 

 stamens almost equal, the anthers with white spreading hairs ; capsule clavate, commonly about 

 2 mm. thick, 12-20 mm. long, generally curved and ascending; seeds light brown, obovoid, some- 

 what angled, 1.2 mm. long. 



Dry plains, high Lower Sonoran and Upper Sonoran Zones; western half of Mojave Desert of California 

 to Inyo County, east to central Nevada. Type locality: Mojave Desert. March-May (June). 



Oenothera clavaeformis var. aurantiaca (S. Wats.) Munz, Amer. Journ. Bot. IS: 237. 1928. {Oenothera 

 scapoidea var. aurantiaca S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 595. 1873.) Stems glabrate to finely pubescent; 

 flowers like those of the species, mostly whitish and often drying purplish, but sometimes a pale yellow when 

 fresh; sepals and inflorescence finely strigillose-pubescent; leaves tending to be much pinnate. Open desert. 

 Lower Sonoran Zone; California (Death Valley region to Colorado Desert) to St. George, Utah. Type locality: 

 Fort Mohave, Arizona. 



Oenothera clavaeformis var. purpurascens (S. Wats.) Munz, Leaflets West. Bot. 3: S3. 1941. {Oeno- 

 thera cruciformis Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 227. fig. 71. 1863; Chylismia scapoidea var. cruciformis Small, 

 Bull. Torrey Club 23: 193. 1896; Oenothera scapoidea var. purpurascens S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 595. 

 1873; Chylismia lancifolia Heller, Muhlenbergia 2: 226. 1906.) Stems closely and finely canescent-puberulent; 

 flowers clear yellow or with reddish spots; leaves scarcely or not at all pinnatifid. Loose dry slopes and dis- 

 turbed areas. Upper Sonoran Zone; eastern Oregon to Inyo County, California, and Washoe County, Nevada. 

 Type locality: Mono Lake, Mono County, California. 



Oenothera clavaeformis var. Peirsonii Munz, Amer. Journ. Bot. 15:238. 1928. Stems spreading-vil- 

 lous; leaves often much divided; flowers yellowish. Dry sandy plains, Lower Sonoran Zone, deserts of northern 

 Lower California and Imperial and Riverside Counties, California. Type locality: Imperial County. 



Z7. Oenothera heterochroma S. Wats. Shockley's Primrose. Fig. 3444. 



Oenothera heterochroma S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 373. 1882. 

 Chylismia heterochroma Small, Bull. Torrey Club 23: 193. 1896. 



Annual, simple or branched at base, branching above, glandular-pubescent throughout, 



25-50 cm. tall. Leaves in lower portion only, but not actually in basal rosette, ovate, irregularly 



serrate, with fairly conspicuous veins beneath, villous, 2—6 cm. long, on petioles almost as long; 



upper leaves reduced ; pedicels capillary, 2-5 mm. long ; hypanthium 2 . 5 mm. long ; sepals the 



same ; petals purplish, 3-5 mm. long ; stamens unequal ; capsule 8-13 mm. long, 2 mm. thick, 



clavate ; seeds brown, obovoid, 1 mm. long. 



Rare, dry places, Upper Sonoran Zone; known in California only from Crooked Creek, Owens Valley; 

 occasional in western Nevada. Type locality: Candelaria, Nevada. Aug.-Sept. 



Oenothera heterochroma var. monoensis Munz, El Aliso 2:84. 1949. Stems subglabrous, somewhat 

 glaucous. Dry slopes and fans, Upper Sonoran Zone, Mono and Inyo Counties, California. Type locality: 

 Sherwin Grade, north of Bishop, California. 



9. GAYOPHtTUM Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. 25: 18. pi. 4. 1832. 



Slender caulescent annuals. Leaves alternate, entire, linear and subsessile, or lowest 

 may be opposite and linear-oblanceolate and short-petioled. Flowers in upper axils. Hy- 

 panthium not prolonged beyond the ovary. Sepals 4, usually reflexed in anthesis. Petals 

 4, small, rhomboid-spatulate to -obovate, white, frequently drying pink or red. Stamens 8, 



