CARROT FAMILY 233 



21. PERIDERIDIA Reichb. Handb. 219. 1837. 



Slender or stout, caulescent, branching-, glabrous perennials from tuberous or fusiform 

 fascicled roots. Leaves ternately, pinnately or ternate-pinnately compound, with ovate 

 to linear divisions. Flowers in compound umbels, white to pinkish. Involucre of few to 

 numerous, entire, narrow, more or less scarious bracts; involucel of usually scarious or 

 colored bractlets. Sepals evident. Fruit flattened laterally; carpels with filiform ribs; 

 stylopodium conical or low-conical ; oil-tubes 1-5 in the intervals, 2-8 on the commissure. 

 Seed subterete, the face plane or broadly concave. 



A genus of about 9 species, one in the eastern United States, the others native to western North America. 

 The tuberous roots of several species formed a staple food of various Indian tribes. Type species, Eulophus 

 americanus Nutt. 



Styles short, usually less than 1 mm. long, stout, erect or divaricate; plants coarse, from fascicles of numerous 

 fibrous or slightly thickened roots. 

 Leaves ternate-pinnately dissected; leaf-divisions ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 5-25 mm. broad; seed becominR 



free from the pericarp. 1. P. Howellii. 



Leaves pinnately dissected; leaf-divisions linear or lanceolate, 1-6 mm. broad; seed remaining attached to 

 pericarp. 2. P. Kelloggii. 



Styles elongate, filiform, reflexed; plants usually more slender, from solitary tubers or fascicles of a few tuberous 

 roots. 

 Basal leaves 1-2-pinnate or 1-2-ternate, the petioles and rachis not dilated, leaf-divisions all alike. 



Fruit orbicular to suborbicular, 2-3 mm. long, 1.5-2.5 mm. broad; bractlets usually setaceous. 



3. P. Gairdneri. 



Fruit oblong to ovoid, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, 1.5-2.5 mm. broad; bractlets scarious or scarious-margined, 

 often conspicuous. 

 Fruit usually rounded at base and apex; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals; Washington, Oregon 



and northern California. 4. P. oregana. 



Fruit usually narrowed at base and apex; oil-tubes 2-4 in the intervals; central and southern Cali- 

 fornia, Nevada and Arizona. 5. P. Parishii. 

 Basal leaves ternate-pinnately or pinnately decompound, the petioles and rachis dilated, leaf-divisions usually 

 dimorphic. 

 Rays 10-20, 1-2.5 cm. long, forming small, compact umbels. 6. P. Bolanderi. 

 Rays 5-12, 3-8 cm. long, forming large, loose umbels. 



Fruit 4-6 mm. long; oil-tubes several in the intervals. 7. P. Pringlei. 



Fruit 6-8 mm. long; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals. 8. P. calif arnica. 



1. Perideridia Howellii (Coult. & Rose) Mathias. Howell's Yampah. Fig. 3505. 



Carum Howellii Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Amer. Umbell. 129. 1888. 

 Perideridia Howellii Mathias, Brittonia 2: 244. 1936. 



Plants stout, about 1 m. high, from a fascicle of thickened fusiform roots. Leaves few, 1-2- 

 pinnate ; leaf-divisions ovate-lanceolate to ovate, deeply toothed or lobed, 2-4 cm. long, umbels 

 many-rayed ; involucral bracts several, 1-2 cm. long, narrowly oblanceolate, becoming reflexed ; 

 bractlets prominent, scarious-margined ; rays 3-6 cm. long ; pedicels 4-8 mm. long ; fruit oblong, 

 3-6 mm. long, stylopodium prominent ; ribs acute, oil-tubes very large, solitary m the mtervals, 

 2 on the commissure. 



Moist mountain slopes and meadows, Transition Zone; southern Oregon to Mendocino County, California. 

 Type locality: Grants Pass, Oregon. July-Aug. 



2. Perideridia Kelloggii (A. Gray) Mathias. Kellogg's Yampah. Fig. 3506. 



Carum Kelloggii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 344. 1868. 

 Perideridia Kelloggii Mathias, Brittonia 2: 244. 1936. 



Plants stout, 7-15 dm. tall, from a fascicle of fibrous or slightly thickened roots. Leaves once 

 or twice ternate-pinnate ; leaf-divisions linear to lanceolate, entire, 3-12 cm. long ; involucre of 

 several linear to linear-lanceolate, scarious, reflexed bracts; rays 10-20, 1.5-6.5 cm. long; bract- 

 lets linear to lanceolate, scarious, reflexed; pedicels 2-6 mm. long; styles about 0.5 mm. long; 

 fruit oblong, 4-5 mm. long ; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure. 



Moist places, Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran Zones; Sierra Nevada and Coast Ranges of northern 

 and central California. Type locality: San Jose, Santa Clara County, California. July-Aug. 



3 Perideridia Gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias. Gairdner's Yampah. 



Fig. 3507. 



Ataenia Gairdneri Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey 349. 1838. 



Carum erythrorhizum Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 100. 1916. 



Perideridia Gairdneri Mathias, Brittonia 2: 244. 1936. 



Plants slender, 3-12 dm. tall, from a solitary fusiform tuber or a small fascicle of tubers. 

 Leaves pinnate or occasionally bipinnate ; leaf -divisions linear or rarely lanceolate, 2-15 cm. long, 

 entire or rarely lobed or toothed ; involucre absent, or of one to several setaceous bracts ; rays 

 8-20 1 5-6 cm. long; bractlets several, linear, green or scarious; pedicels 3-7 mm. long; styles 

 about 1 mm. long ; fruit orbicular to suborbicular, 2-3 mm. long ; od-tubes solitary in the inter- 

 vals, 2 on the commissure. ,„ , . . ,. 



Wpt heavv soil Boreal Transition and Upper Sonoran Zones; British Columbia and Washington, through 

 the C'^ast &s1o 'so^'uZn; California, east to'^^lberta and New Mexico TyPe locality : Califon^.a This plant 

 is apparently the "yampah" of the Klamath Indians, or the yarhah of the Shoshones. June-July, false or 

 Indian Caraway. 



