CARROT FAMILY 235 



22. LIGUSTICUM L. Sp. PI. 250. 1753. 



Erect glabrous or pubescent perennial herbs from fibrous root-crowns. Leaves ter- 

 nate or ternate-pinnately decompound. Umbels lateral and terminal. Involucre usually 

 none. Involucels of linear bractlets or often wanting. Sepals small or wanting. Flowers 

 white, pinkish or purplish. Stylopodium low-conical. Fruit slightly flattened _ laterally, 

 oblong or ovoid, glabrous; lateral and dorsal ribs prominent and equal, sometimes nar- 

 rowly winged ; oil-tubes 1-6 in the intervals, 2-10 on the commissure ; seed- face plane to 

 deeply concave. [Name from Liguria, a province of Italy, where lovage is endemic] 



A genus, widely distributed throughout the world, particularly in the northern hemisphere, with about 9 

 species in North America. Type species, Ligusticum scothicum L. 



Stems more or less leafy; plants usually stout with elongated basal leaves. 



Fruit ribbed, not winged. 1- L. apiifoluim. 



Fruit narrowly winged. 



Leaflets ovate, irregularly cleft into few, linear-oblong divisions; cauline sheaths narrow; seed-face con- 

 cave. 5. L- californicum. 

 Leaflets lanceolate, very regularly cleft into numerous, linear divisions; cauline sheaths dilated; seed- 

 face plane. 2. L. Canbyi. 

 Stems naked or with one much-reduced cauline leaf; plants usually slender with shorter basal leaves. 



Leaves with ultimate divisions narrowly linear to filiform; stylopodium low-conical. 



3. L. filicinum tenuifoliitm. 



Leaves with ultimate divisions broadly oblong to ovate; stylopodium prominently conical. 



4. L. Grayi. 



1. Ligusticum apiifolium (Nutt.) A. Gray. Celery-leaved Lovage. Fig. 3513. 



Cynapium apiifolium Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 641. 1840. 



Pimpinella apiodora A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 345. 1868. 



Ligusticum apiifolium A. Gray, op. cit. 347. 



Ligusticum apiodorum var. Helleri Coult. & Rose ex Mathias, Brittonia 2: 245. 1936. 



Stems more or less leafy, usually stout, 3-15 dm. high, glabrous to pubescent, the inflor- 

 escence puberulent. Leaves ternate-pinnate ; leaflets ovate to oblong, 1-5 cm. long, coarsely 

 toothed to deeply pinnatifid into linear acute divisions, glabrous or slightly scabrous on the mar- 

 gins and veins ; rays 12-20, slender, 2-5 cm. long ; bractlets few, linear or lanceolate ; pedicels 

 5-10 mm. long, sometimes puberulent; fruit oval to orbicular, 3.5-5.5 mm. long; ribs slender, 

 not winged; oil-tubes i-6 in the intervals, 6-8 on the commissure. 



Woods, Humid Transition Zone; western Washington and Oregon to the coast of central California. Type 

 locality "plains of Oregon [Columbia], near the confluence of the Wahlamet [Willamette], Oregon. June- 

 July. 



2. Ligusticum Canbyi Coult. & Rose. Canby's Lovage. Fig. 3514. 



Pimpinella apiodora var. nudicaulis A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 385. 1872. 

 Ligusticum Canbyi Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Amer. Umbell. 86. 1888. 

 Ligusticum Leibergii Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 134. pi. 4. 1900. 

 Ligusticum caerulcomontanum St. John, Fl. S.E. Wash. 297. 1937. 



Plants caulescent, inflorescence puberulent or glabrate, foliage scaberiilous ; stems more 

 or less leafy, usually stout, 5-12 dm. high. Leaves ternate-pmnate ; leaflets lanceolate, 3-5 cm. 

 long, laciniately cleft into linear, acute divisions; peduncles alternate or verticil ate ; rays lb-.5U, 

 slender, 2.5-5 cm. long; bractlets 1 to several, linear; pedicels 5-10 mm. long; fruit oval 

 to oblong, 4-5 mm. long ; ribs narrowly winged ; oil-tubes 4-6 in the intervals, 6-8 on the com- 

 missure ; seed-face plane. 



Open slopes. Arid Transition Zone; central Washington and Blue Mountains, Oregon, east to Montana and 

 Idaho. Type locality: near headwaters of Jocko River, Montana. June-bept. 



3. Ligusticum filicinum var. tenuifolium (S. Wats.) Math. & Const. 



Fern-leaved Lovage. Fig. 3515. 



Ligusticum tenuifolium S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 293. 1879. 

 Ligusticum oreaanum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 138. 1900. 

 Ligusticum filicinum var. tenuifolium Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 123. 1941. 



Stems slender, subscapose, 2-7 dm. high, glabrous throughout. Basal leaves, including the 

 petiole, 7-35 cm. long, ternate-pinnately compound, ultimate divisions narrowly linear, acute, 

 3-10 mm. long; stem-leaves much reduced, subtending the flowermg branches; rays 5-15, 

 1 5-3 cm. long; bractlets 2-3. filiform, or wanting: pedicels 3-8 mm long; fruit oblong, 3-5 mm. 

 long; ribs narrowly winged; oil-tubes 3-5 in the intervals, 6-8 on the commissure. 



Moist places. Boreal Zones; Blue and Wallowa Mountains, northeastern Oregon, east to Montana and 

 Colorado. Type locality: "mountains of Colorado.' July-Aug. 



