WINTERGREEN FAMILY 291 



6. Pyrola aphylla Smith. Leafless Pyrola. Fig. 3656. 



Pyrola aphylla Smith in Rees, Cycl. 29: no. 7. 1814. 



Fyrola aphylla var. paucifolia Howell, Fl. N.W. Amer. 42S. 1901. 



Rootstocks branched and often contorted and stoutish. Leaves commonly reduced to sessile 

 bracts or sometimes developing small green blades ; scapes stout to rather slender, 1-3 dm. high, 

 reddish, usually with a few scattering lanceolate acuminate scarious bracts ; racemes open and 

 few-flowered or densely many-flowered; floral bracts lanceolate, shorter than the pedicels; 

 calyx reddish purple, its lobes deltoid or ovate-lanceolate, about 2 mm. long ; petals broadly ob- 

 ovate, cream-colored on the margins, usually reddish on the back. 



Open or dense forests, Humid and Arid Transition Zones; British Columbia south through the Pacific 

 States to southern California, east to Idaho and western Nevada. Type locality : on the west coast of North 

 America " Collected bv Menzies at Nootka Sound according to Don. These plants suggest at least a semi- 

 saprophytic habit, but Holm (Bot. Gaz. 45: 246-54) demonstrated that they are neither saprophytic nor para- 

 sitic but autophytic. The two forms, one with reddish the other with cream-colored flowers, would suggest that 

 they may have arisen from different ancestry, one strain stemming from Pyrola picta, the other trom Pyrola 

 dentata. June-Aug. 



7. Pyrola minor L. Common or English Wintergreen. Fig. 3657. 



Pyrola minor L. Sp. PI. 396. 1753. 



Perennial herb with a slender rootstock; scape slender, 8-25 cm. high, naked or v,'ith 1-2 

 scarious bracts. Leaves broadly oval to suborbicular, 1-3 cm. long, crenulate often obscurely so, 

 rounded or slightly cordate at base, dark green and thin ; petioles often as long or longer than 

 the blades ; flowers racemose, nodding, white or pinkish ; pedicels 3-5 mm. long, about equaling 

 the narrowly lanceolate bracts; calyx-lobes triangular, barely 2 mm. long; petals connivept, 

 4-5 mm. long, oval to orbicular, obtuse; style straight, included; stamens not declined, conniv- 

 ent around the pistil ; capsule depressed-globose, about 5 mm. broad. 



In woods, mainly Canadian Zone; Alaska to southern California east to Greenland and New England; also 

 in Europe and Asia. In the Pacific States it is on the eastern slopes of the Cascade Mountains and in the Blue 

 and Wallowa Mountains, Washington and Oregon, and sparingly in the Sierra Nevada and San Bernardino 

 Mountains, California. Type locality: "habitat in Europa frigidiore." June-Aug. 



8. Pyrola secunda L. One-sided or Serrated Wintergreen. Fig. 3658. 



Pyrola secunda L. Sp. PI. 396. 1753. 



Ramischia secunda Garcke, Fl. Deutschl. ed. 4. 222. 1858. 



Perennial herbs, often more or less suff rutescent, with long creeping rootstocks ; stems above 

 ground often lignescent; scapes 8-18 cm. high, with 1-2-scarious bracts. Leaves oval to ovate, 

 2 . 5-7 cm. long, on petioles about half to nearly as long, rounded to obtuse at base, acute at apex, 

 crenulate-serrate ; flowers many in a one-sided raceme, erect in bud, drooping in anthesis ; 

 pedicels short ; calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse, short, minutely sinuate ; petals white or pinkish, about 

 5 mm. long, broadly oval, connivent ; style straight, exserted, longer than the capsule m fruit. 



Woods and banks of wooded streams. Humid Transition and Canadian Zones; in the Pacific States occur- 

 ring both in the western and eastern parts of Washington and Oregon and extending through the Coast Ranges 

 and the Sierra Nevada to the mountains of southern California; also widespread over North America and 

 Eurasia. Type locality: woods of northern Europe. June-Aug. 



2. MONESES Salisb. ex S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. PI. 2: 403. 1821. 



Glabrous perennial herbs with slender rootstocks. Leaves opposite or mostly in threes, 

 petioled, persistent. Scape bearing a solitary drooping pink or white flower at the summit. 

 Sepals 5, persistent, inserted on a callous base. Petals 5, ovate, spreading and nearly 

 plane. Stamens 10, their filaments dilated at base; anthers oblong, prolonged into 2 dis- 

 tinct curved tubes at the apex. Pistil of 5 united carpels ; style straight, longer than the 

 ovary; stigma peltate with 5 marginal papillae. Capsule subglobose, obtusely 5-angled, 

 loculicidally 4-5-valved from the summit. Seeds numerous, minute. [Name Greek, 

 meaning single and delight, from the single flower.] 



A monotypic genus inhabiting the cooler parts of the northern hemisphere. 



1. Moneses uniflora (L.) A. Gray. Moneses. Fig. 3659. 



Pyrola uniflora L. Sp. PI. 397. 1753. 



Moneses grandiflora S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. PI. 2: 403. 1821. 



Moneses uniflora A. Gray, Man. 273. 1848. 



Perennial with a very slender creeping rootstock, stem above ground slender, erect, 1-3 cm. 

 high. Leaves in 1-4 verticils of 2-4 leaves each, orbicular, broadly oval, ovate or obovate, rounded 

 or obtuse at apex, 1-2 . 5 cm. long, often decurrent at base on the slightly shorter petiole, crenate- 

 serrate at least above the middle, rather thin and obscurely veined ; scape 4-10 cm. high, naked 

 or with a single elliptic bract borne above the middle ; sepals oblong-elliptic, 3 mm. long, thin 

 and whitish, ciliolate on the margin; petals white or pinkish, ovate, obtuse, about 1 cm. long; 

 tubes of the anther strongly curved; capsule 6-8 mm. in diameter. 



Woods, Canadian Zone; Alaska to eastern Washington and eastern Oregon, across the continent to Labrador, 



