292 MONOTROPACEAE 



Pennsylvania and New Mexico. Type locality: woods of northern Europe. May-Aug. Forest or One-flowered 

 Wintergreen. 



Moneses uniflora var. reticulata (Nutt.) Blake, Rhodora 17: 28. 1915. (Monescs reticulata Nutt. Trans. 

 Amer. Phil. Soc. 8: 271. 1843.) Leaves ovate, acute or acutish, rather sharply serrate instead of crenate, veins 

 more prominent. Forests of the Canadian and Humid Transition Zones; southern Alaska along the coast to 

 Vancouver Island and southward, west of the Cascade Mountains, to Humboldt County and vicinity of Mount 

 Shasta, California. Type locality: "fir woods and the Columbia not far from the sea." 



3. CHIMAPHILA Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 279. 1814. 



Suffrutescent perennials, with creeping rootstocks, and branching stems. Leaves 

 verticillate or subverticillate. Short-petioled, evergreen and coriaceous, serrate. Flowers 

 racemose, corymbose or corymbose-umbellate, rarely solitary. Sepals 5. Petals 5, white 

 or purplish. Stamens 10, filaments dilated below forming a disk near the base, then 

 curved upwards; anther-sacs prolonged into tubes at apex. Pistil of 5 united carpels; 

 ovary 5-lobed; style very short, straight; stigma peltate, without papillae. Capsule 5- 

 celled, depressed-globose to obovoid, loculicidally dehiscent from the apex, the valves 

 without threads on the margin. Seeds numerous, minute. [Name Greek, meaning winter- 

 loving, from its evergreen foliage.] 



A genus of 6 to 8 species, natives of North America and northeast Asia. Type species, Pyrola maculata L. 



Leaves oblanceolate, many; bracts linear-subulate; flowers 3-6. 1. C. umbellata occidentalis. 



Leaves ovate, few; bracts obovate; flowers 1-3. 2. C. Mensiesii. 



1. Chimaphila umbellata var. occidentalis (Rydb.) Blake. Western Prince's 



Pine. Fig. 3660. 



Chimaphila occidentalis Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 29: 30. 1914. 

 Chimaphila umbellata var. occidentalis Blake, Rhodora 19: 242. 1917. 



Plants suffrutescent, 1-2 dm. high ; stems branched, usually greenish, terete. Leaves in 

 whorls of 3-8, broadly to narrowly oblanceolate or narrowly oblong, 2-7 cm. long, sharply and 

 rather remotely serrulate except toward the base, dark glossy green above, pale often yellowish 

 green beneath ; flowers corymbose or racemose-corymbose, 3-8 ; bracts linear-subulate, decidu- 

 ous ; petals tinged with pink, oval, 5-6 mm. long, concave, ciliolate ; dilated portion of filaments 

 ovoid, ciliolate ; capsule subglobose, 6-7 mm. in diameter ; fruiting pedicels erect, the lower 

 longer. 



On shrub-covered slopes in coniferous forests. Transition and Canadian Zones; British Columbia southward 

 through the Pacific States in both the Coast Ranges and the Cascades to the Sierra Nevada and the mountains 

 of southern California, east to Montana, Colorado and Utah. Type locality: "valley of Pine Creek, near Farming- 

 ton, Latah County, Idaho." June-Aug. 



2. Chimaphila Menziesii (R. Br.) Spreng. Little Prince's Pine or Pipsissiwa. 



Fig. 3661. 



Pyrola Mensiesii R. Br. ex D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 5: 245. 1824. 

 Chimphila Menziesii Spreng. Syst. 2: 317. 1825. 



Suffrutescent perennial, with a slender rootstock; stems erect, simple or sparingly branched 

 above ground, 5-20 cm. high, glabrous and reddish. Leaves irregiilar in arrangement, opposite 

 or subverticillate, or some alternate to lanceolate to lanceolate-elliptic or narrowly ovate, acute 

 at apex, narrowed at base to a short petiole, 2-6 cm. long, rather sharply serrate, glabrous, cori- 

 aceous, dark green and shining above, pale beneath ; peduncles mostly 4-5 cm. long ; corymbs 2- 

 to several-flowered or the flowers sometimes solitary ; pedicels erect or spreading, becoming 2-4 

 cm. long in fruit ; bracts broadly ovate or obovate, scarious, usually persistent until well after 

 anthesis; sepals rounded, erose; petals spreading, white or pinkish, suborbicular, concave, 5-6 

 mm. long ; dilated portion of filaments obcordate, ciliate ; capsule 5-6 mm. in diameter. 



In woods. Transition and Canadian Zones; British Columbia south through the Pacific States in the Coast 

 Ranges, Cascade Mountains and the Sierra Nevada to the Cuyamaca Mountians, southern California, east to 

 Idalio. Type locality: northwest coast of America. June-Aug. 



Family 113. MONOTROPACEAE. 



Indian-pipe Family. 



Saprophytic plants or root-parasites, varying in color from white to bright red. 

 Stems scapose slender or thick and fleshy. Leaves reduced to bract-like scales, 

 without chlorophyll. Flowers solitary, racemose or corymbose, perfect, regular or 

 slightly irregular, bracteate. Calyx 2-6-lobed, free from the ovary. Corolla sym- 

 petalous or choripetalous 4—5 merous, wanting in Allotropa. Stamens 6-12, hypog- 

 ynous ; filaments distinct or united at base ; anthers attached to the filaments by 

 their backs or bases, 1- or 2-horned ; pollen-grains simple. Disk when present, 

 8-12-lobed. Ovary superior, 1-6-celled, 4-6-lobed; style short or elongated; stigma 

 simple, capitate or peltate ; ovules many, anatropous. Capsule loculicidally 4—6- 



