INDIAN-PIPE FAMILY 293 



valved ; placentation parietal, or parietal above and axile below. Seeds numerous, 

 minute, with reticulated testa. 



A family of 12 genera and about IS species, inhabiting the northern hemisphere, but mostly restricted 

 to western North America. A series of papers on the morphology of this interesting plant family has been 

 published recently in Madrono by Dr. Herbert F. Copeland. 



Ovary 4-6-celIed, with a central column. 



Corolla wanting; flowers spicate. !• Allotropa. 



Corolla present; flowers solitary, racemose or corymbose. 

 Petals distinct. 



Flower solitary at the apex of the scape. 2. Monotropa. 



Flowers in a terminal 1-sided raceme. 3. Hypopitys. 



Petals more or less united. 



Corolla urceolate; anthers horned. 4. Pterospora. 



Corolla campanulate; anthers not horned. 5. Sarcodes. 



Ovary 1-celled, without a central column. 

 Petals distinct. 



Anthers short, as broad as long; filaments pubescent. 6. Pityopus. 



Anthers elongated; filaments glabrous. 7. Pleuricospora. 



Petals partly united; filaments pubescent. 8. Hemitomes. 



1. ALLOTROPA Torr. & Gray ex A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7 : 368. 1868. 



Simple-stemmed saprophytic herb, with glabrous reddish-tinged herbage. Leaves 

 elongated, scale-like, numerous and often crowded toward the base of the stem. Flowers 

 many, in an erect elongated spike-like raceme. Sepals 5, distinct, broad. Petals none. 

 Stamens 10, with slender filaments, slightly exserted; anthers short, slightly lobed, ex- 

 trorse in bud, and introrse in anthesis, the sacs opening by a chink to tlie middle. Ovary 

 subglobose, 5-celled; style short, stout; stigma peltate-capitate, shallowly 5-lobed. Cap- 

 sule depressed, loculicidal ; placentae axile below, parietal above, subtended by the per- 

 sistent calyx. Seeds numerous, minute, linear. [Name Greek, meaning different turning, 

 the inflorescence not drooping as in Monotropa.'] 



A monotypic genus of the Pacific Coast of North America. 



1. Allotropa virgata Torr. & Gray. Sugar Stick. Fig. 3662. 



Allotropa virgata Torr. & Gray ex A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 368. 1868. 



Stem erect, simple, rather stout, 15-55 cm. high, often thickened at base, reddish with longi- 

 tudinal white stripes. Leaves thick, ovate to ovate-lanceolate at base, those above narrowly 

 lanceolate and longer, usually 25-30 mm. long ; raceme spicate, elongated, densely flowered, often 

 about half the length of the stem; bracts similar to the upper leaves but narrower and shorter; 

 flowers on very short stout pedicels ; sepals ovate or rhomboidal, 5-6 mm. long, erose, thin and 

 whitish ; stamens exceeding the sepals ; anthers purple-black ; capsule depressed-globose, 4-5 mm. 

 broad. 



Deep woods in rich humus, Transition and Canadian Zones; British Columbia southward in the Coast Ranges 

 to northwestern California, and in the Cascade Mountains and Sierra Nevada to Tulare County, California. Type 

 locality: Cascade Mountains, Washington. June-Aug. 



2. MONOTROPA L. Sp. PI. 387. 1753. 



Saprophytic herbs without chlorophyll, the whole plant white, pink or red. Sterns 

 simple, clothed with numerous bract-like leaves. Flower solitary, terminal, nodding in 

 anthesis, erect in age. Sepals 2-4, distinct and deciduous. Petals 5 or 6, oblong, dilated 

 toward the apex and somewhat saccate at base. Stamens 10-12, included ; filaments slen- 

 der; anthers, short peltate, opening by 2 transverse chinks. Ovary 5-6-celled ; style short, 

 thick; stigma disk-like, with crenate margin. Capsule ovoid-globose, loculicidal ; placentae 

 axile below, parietal above. Seeds numerous, minute. [Name Greek, meaning once- 

 turned.] 



A genus of 2 species, besides the following which is the type of the genus, M. coccinea Zucc. inhabits Mexico, 

 Central America and Colombia. 



1. Monotropa uniflora L. Indian Pipe. Fig. 3663. 



Monotropa uniflora L. Sp. PI. 387. 1753. 



Stems simple, 15-30 cm. high, white or sometimes tinged with rose, drying black, usually 

 several arising from a mass of brittle roots. Leaves scale-like, 5-10 mm. long; flower solitary, 

 nodding, oblong-campanulate ; sepals oblong to oblong-spatulate, 14-18 mm. long, glabrous or 

 ciliate on the margins near the base, often erose toward the apex ; petals exceeding the sepals, 

 oblong-spatulate; filaments pubescent; capsule oblong-ovoid, 10-15 mm. long. 



Deep moist woods, in rich humus, Transition and Canadian Zones; Alaska to Labrador south to California, 

 Florida and Mexico; also India and Japan. Type locality: Maryland. June-Oct. 



