INDIAN-PIPE FAMILY 295 



3. HYPOPITYS Hill, Brit. Herb. 221. 1756. 



Saprophytic plants without green chlorophyll, varying in color from white to yellow, 

 arising from a dense mass of fleshy roots. Leaves scale-like. Flowers in a terminal 

 raceme, which is usually nodding before and during anthesis, and erect in fruit. Sepals 5, 

 or in the later flowers usually 4 or rarely 3. Petals as many as sepals. Stamens 6-10, 

 included ; anthers horizontal, opening by 2 unequal valves. Ovary 3-5-celled ; style slen- 

 der ; stigma funnelform; glandular-ciliate on the margin. Capsule 3-5-celled, loculi- 

 cidal ; placentae axile below, parietal above. [Name Greek, referring to its growth under 

 firs.] 



A genus of 3 or 4 species, of the north temperate region. Type species, Monotropa Hypopitys L. 



1. Hypopitys lanuginosa (Michx.) Nutt. American Pine-sap. Fig. 3664. 



Monotropa lanuginosa Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 266. 1803. 

 Hypopitys lanuginosa Nutt. Gen. 1: 271. 1818. 

 Hypopitys latisquama Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40: 461. 1913. 

 Hypopitys brevis Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 13. 1914. 



Plants yellowish, tinged with pink or crimson, finely pubescent, 1-3 dm. high. Leaves scale- 

 like, oblong-ovate, 5-8 cm. long ; flowers few and separated, or more numerous and crowded ; 

 pedicels about equaling or shorter than the flowers ; sepals cuneate to narrowly oblanceolate, 

 6-10 mm. long; ciliate and often erose on the margins, acute or acuminate; petals cuneate to 

 cuneate-oblong, 10-12 mm. long, coarsely pubescent without and ciliate on the margins ; filaments 

 and style pubescent ; stigma retrorsely bearded on the margin ; capsule 4-5 mm. long. 



Moist woods in deep humus, mainly Humid Transition Zone; British Columbia south in the Pacific States 

 along tiie Coast Ranges and the Cascade Mountains to northwestern California, east to the Atlantic Coast. Type 

 locality: North Carolina. July-Aug. 



Hypopitys fimbriata (A. Gray) Howell, Fl. N.W. Amer. 429. 1901. {Monotropa fimbriata A. Gray, Proc. 

 Amer. Acad. 8: 629. 1873.) Very similar to the preceding species from which it differs in having more or less 

 fimbriate leaves and sepals, a character that has proved inconstant. Western Oregon, and northwestern Califor- 

 nia. Type locality : Oregon. 



4. PTEROSPORA Nutt. Gen. 1 : 269. 1818. 



Saprophytic herb with brownish or purplish glandular-pubescent herbage, the stems 

 simple. Leaves scale-like, narrow and elongated, mostly near the base. Flowers numerous, 

 nodding, borne in an elongated narrow open raceme, nodding on recurved pedicels. Sepals 

 5, narrow, slightly united at base. Corolla urceolate, with 5 short recurved lobes, mar- 

 cescent. Stamens 10, included; filaments slender; anthers with 2 dorsal appendages, de- 

 hiscing by longitudinal slits. Ovary 5-celled, depressed-globose; style short, stout; stigma 

 capitate-peltate, shallowly 5-lobed. Capsule strongly depressed, 5-lobed loculicidal ; pla- 

 centae axile below, parietal above. Seeds numerous, broadly winged at the apex. [Name 

 Greek, meaning winged and seed.] 



A monotypic genus of temperate North America. 



1. Pterospora Andromeda Nutt. Pinedrops. Fig. 3665. 



Fterospora Andromeda Nutt. Gen. 1: 269. 1818. 



Stems 3-10 dm. high, viscid-pubescent, arising from a thick ball-like mass of roots. Leaves 

 crowded below, linear-lanceolate, 15-35 mm. long, the upper scattered and smaller; raceme erect 

 and virgate, 1-5 dm. long; sepals linear-lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long, glandular-pubescent; corolla 

 7-8 mm. long, white, the lobes short, rounded ; horns of the anthers about as long as the pollen- 

 sacs ; capsule strongly depressed-globose, 8-12 mm. broad. 



Coniferous forests, growing in humus. Transition and Canadian Zones; British Colum.bia to Quebec, in the 

 Eastern States extending south to Pennsylvania, in the Rocky Mountains to northern Mexico, and in the Pacific 

 States to southern California. Type locality: near Niagara Falls, Canada, June— Aug. 



5. SARCODES Torr. Smiths. Contr. 6': 17. 1853. 



Saprophytic herb with red, usually bright-red, pubescent herbage. Stem thick and 

 fleshy, simple, growing singly or often clustered. Leaves scale-like, crowded and usually 

 imbricated at the base of the stem, elongated and more distant above. Flowers in a short, 

 stout, many-flowered terminal raceme, nodding on the ends of ascending pedicels, sub- 

 tended by large, conspicuous bracts. Sepals 5, slightly united at the base, narrow. Corolla 

 campanulate, marcescent, the lobes broad, shorter than the tube, slightly spreading. Sta- 

 mens 10, included; filaments slender, glabrous; anthers without appendages, opening at 

 the apex. Ovary subglobose, 5-lobed, 5-celled ; style stout ; stigma subcapitate, shallowly 

 5-lobed. Capsule depressed-globose, fleshy, opening at base of style, placentae axile below, 

 parietal above. Seeds small, favose, not winged. [Name Greek, meaning flesh-like.] 



A monoypic genus of the Pacific Coast of North America. 



