HEATH FAMILY 297 



retrorse hairs. Fruit a fleshy 1-celled usually ovoid berry. [Name from the two Greek 

 words meaning half and eunuch, one of the anther-cells often sterile.] 



A monotypic genus, restricted to the Pacific Coast region of North America. Type species, Hemitomes con- 

 gestum A. Gray. 



1. Hemitomes congestum A. Gray. Hemitomes. Fig. 3669. 



Hemitomes congestum A. Gray, Pacif. R. Rep. 6': SI. 1858. 

 Newberrya congesta Torr. ex A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 464. 1876. 

 Newberrya spicata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 44. 1879. 

 Hemitomes pumilum Greene, Erythea 2: 121. 1894. 

 Newberrya subterranea Eastw. Proc. Calif. Acad. III. 1: 80. 1897. 

 Newberrya longiloba Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 18. 1914. 



Stems 5-15 cm. high, stout, terminated by a compact corymbiform head. Leaves closely 

 imbricated, ovate, obtuse, erose and irregularly ciliate ; outer flowers of the head m 3-5-flowered 

 cymules the central flower of each cymule with 4 linear acute entire or somewhat cihate sepals, 

 the other flowers of the cymule smaller with 2 smaller sepals ; corolla broadly tubular-urceolate, 

 12-14 mm. long ; lobes of the central flowers ovate, about one-third as long as the tube, those of 

 the marginal flowers extending nearly to the base of the corolla, hairy on the mside, erect or 

 slightly spreading; anthers narrowly oblong. 



Coniferous woods. Transition Zone; Olympic Mountains, Washington, to central California. Type locality: 

 Upper Deschutes Valley, Oregon. May-July. 



Family 114. ERICACEAE. 



Heath Family. 



Trees, shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves simple, alternate or opposite, evergreen 

 or deciduous, without stipules. Flowers borne in clusters or rarely solitary, perfect. 

 Calyx 4-7-parted or -cleft, persistent. Corolla sympetalous, except in two genera, 

 regular or slightly irregular, variously shaped. Stamens hypogynous, usually twice 

 as many as the lobes of the corolla, alternate with them when equal in number ; fila- 

 ments distinct or occasionally slightly connate ; anthers 2-celled, attached to the fila- 

 ment at the back or at the base, dehiscent by longitudinal slits, terminal pores or 

 apical tubes, sometimes appendaged on the back. Ovary superior, 2-4-lobed, sessile 

 on the receptacle or on a more or less lobed disk ; ovules anatropous, 1 to many m 

 a cell on axile placentae. Style simple, columnar to ovoid. Stigma capitate or 

 peltate, entire or shallowly lobed. Fruit a naked capsule, a capsule enclosed by the 

 fleshy calyx, a berry or drupe. Seeds winged in a few genera, endosperm fleshy. 



About 55 genera and over 1,100 species, of almost world-wide distribution. 



Fruit a capsule. (In the genus Gaultheria the calyx becomes accrescent and fleshy.) 

 Calyx not accrescent and not inclosing the capsule in fruit. 

 Capsule septicidal; anthers awnless. 

 Petals distinct. 



Anther-sacs opening by longitudinal slits; calyx-lobes long and narrow; flowers solitary in the 



axils 1- Cladothainnus. 



Anther-sacs opening by apical pores; calyx-lobes short and broad; flowers in terminal corym- 

 bose or umbellate clusters. 2. Ledum. 

 Petals united below; anthers opening by terminal pores. 

 Flower-buds and usually leaf-buds scaly-strobilaceous. 



Flowers 5-merous; corolla funnelform to campanulate. 3. Rhododendron. 



Flowers 4-merous; corolla urceolate to cylindraceous. 4. Mcnsiesia. 



Flower-buds and leaf-buds not scaly-strobilaceous. 



Corolla saucer-shaped or nearly so; dwarf shrubs not heath-like. 



Leaves glandular-dotted beneath; corolla not saccate. 5. Kalmiopsis. 



Leaves not glandular-dotted beneath; corolla 10-saccate. 6. Kalmia. 



Corolla campanulate to urceolate; dwarf heath-like shrubs. 7. Phyllodoce. 



Capsule loculicidal; anthers awned or with a minute mucronation, opening by apical pores or by chinks 

 above the middle. 

 Corolla campanulate; anthers distinctly awned; leaves crowded or imbricate. 



Leaves decussately opposite; corolla-lobes much shorter than the tube. 8. Cassiope. 



Leaves alternate, narrow; corolla-lobes equaling the tube or longer. 9. Harrimanella. 



Corolla urceolate; anther-sacs awnless but with a minute mucronation. 10. Leucothoc. 



Calyx accrescent, becoming fleshy and enclosing the capsule in fruit. 11. Gaultheria. 



Fruit a berry or drupe. 



Cells of the ovary many-ovuled; berry granular-papillose. 12. Arbutus. 



Cells of the ovary 1-ovuled; drupe with the several stones separate or united. 



Drupe papillose and fleshy; stone of few firmly united carpels. 13. Comarostaphyhs. 



Drupe smooth, glabrous or pubescent; stones separate or irregularly coalescent or firmly united. 



Leaves not vertical, revolute; carpels united into a solid 3-5-celled stone; filaments slender. 



14. Xyhcoccus. 



Leaves usually vertical, plane; stones distinct or irregularly united; filaments much-dilated at base. 



15. Arctostaphylos. 



