332 PRIMULACEAE 



Slender-stemmed erect perennials, 2-8 dm. high, with numerous opposite leaves and terminal bracteate racemes 

 with yellow flowers streaked or dotted with purple. In cranberry marshes near the coast (Astoria, Seaside), 

 Clatsop County, Oregon. Type locality: Philadelphia. 



2. STEIRONEMA Raf. Ann. Gen. Phys. 7 : 192. 1820. 



Perennial herbs, with opposite or whorled, simple entire leaves. Flowers axillary on 

 slender spreading peduncles, often nodding. Calyx 5-parted, persistent, the segments 

 valvate in bud. Corolla yellow, deeply 5-parted, rotate, without an evident tube, each 

 corolla-lobe separately involute or convolute around its stamen, cuspidate or erose-dentic- 

 ulate. Stamens 5; filaments distinct or united into a ring at the base, granulose-glandu- 

 lar; anthers linear, curved in age; staminodia 5, alternating with the stamens, subulate. 

 Ovary free from the calyx, globose ; ovules few to many. Fruit a 5-valved capsule. Seeds 

 few to many, margined or angled. [Name Greek, meaning sterile thread, in reference to 

 the sterile stamens.] 



A North American genus comprising S known species. Type species, Lysimachia ciliatum L. 



1. Steironema ciliatum (L.) Raf. Fringed Loosestrife. Fig. 3748. 



Lysimachia ciliata L. Sp. PI. 147. 1753. 



steironema ciliatum Raf. Ann. Gen. Phys. 7: 192. 1820. 



Steironema laevigatitm Howell, Fl. N.VV. Amer. 436. 1901. 



Steironema ciliatum var. occidentale Suksd. Allg. Bat Zeit. 12: 26. 1906. 



Perennial herb, with creeping rootstocks and erect simple or branched stems, 3-12 dm. high, 

 nearly or quite glabrous. Leaves opposite, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, obtuse to sub- 

 cordate, pinnately veined, margins commonly short-ciliate ; petioles conspicuously ciliate or rarely 

 glabrous, 5-20 mm. long ; flowers axillary, erect or nodding ; peduncles slender, 2-6 cm. long ; 

 calyx-segments lanceolate, sharply acuminate, 6-8 mm. long; corolla yellow, rotate, the lobes 

 6-10 mm. long, erose and usually mucronate ; capsule slightly exceeding the sepals. 



Wet shady places. Transition and Upper Sonoran Zones; British Columbia to Nova Scotia, Arizona, New 

 Mexico, Kansas, and Georgia. In the Pacific States mainly east of the Cascades but extending down the Colum- 

 Tjia River (Sauvies Island and Scapoose, Oregon). Type locality: "Habitat in Virginia, Canada." June-Sept. 



3. NAUMBURGIA Moench, Meth. Suppl. 23. 1802. 



Erect perennial leafy herbs, with slender rootstocks. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, en- 

 tire, sessile, the lower smaller or reduced to scales. Flowers yellow, in axillary peduncled 

 racemes or heads. Calyx 5-7-parted, the sepals linear. Corolla deeply 5-7-parted with a 

 very short tube and linear lobes. Stamens as many as corolla-lobes and opposite them, 

 alternating with as many staminodia ; filaments slender, glabrous, connate at the very base. 

 Ovary round-ovoid; ovules few to many; style slender, equaling or exceeding the stamens; 

 stigma capitate. Capsule 5-7-valved ; seeds several, somewhat angled. [Name in honor 

 of Johann Samuel Naumburg, European botanist of the eighteenth century.] 



A monotypic genus of the north temperate zone. This and the preceding genus some botanists consider sub- 

 genera of Lysimachia. 



1. Naumburgia thyrsiflora (L.) Duby. Tufted Loosestrife. Fig. 3749. 



Lysimachia thyrsiflora L. Sp. PI. 147. 1753. 

 Naumburgia guttata Moench, Meth. Suppl. 23. 1802. 

 Naumburgia thyrsiflora Duby in A. DC. Prod. 8: 60. 1844. 



Glabrous or sparsely pubescent perennial, with simple erect stems 3-8 dm. high, often tufted. 



Upper leaves 5-10 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute to acuminate at 



apex, narrowed at base, the lower smaller and the lowest reduced to ovate scales, and often 



deciduous; peduncles solitary in the axils, 1.5-3 cm. long, rather stout; racemes spike-like, 



1.5-2.5 cm. long; pedicels very short; sepals linear, 2-3 mm. long; petals linear, 5-6 mm. long, 



sparsely black-dotted ; stamens and style exserted ; capsule globose, slightly exceeding the sepals, 



"black-dotted. 



Lake borders and bogg^y meadows, Upper Sonoran and Transition Zones; Alaska to Nova Scotia, California, 

 Montana, Missouri, and Pennsylvania; also Europe and Asia. In the Pacific States occurring locally in the 

 Puget Sound region and eastern Washington, Oregon, and Plumas County, California. Type locality: Europe. 

 May-Aug. 



4. TRIENTAlIS L. Sp. PI. 344. 1753. 



Small glabrous perennial herbs, with tuberous rootstocks and simple slender erect 

 stems. Leaves mostly clustered in a verticil at the summit, lanceolate to ovate or oblong. 

 Flowers few, terminal on slender peduncles, small, white or pink. Sepals 5-9, mostly 7, 

 persistent. Corolla rotate, parted almost to the very base into 5-9 segments, these con- 

 volute in the bud. Stamens as many as corolla-lobes and opposite them ; filaments connate 

 at base ; anthers linear-oblong, recurved after anthesis ; staminodia none. Ovary globose ; 

 ovules numerous ; style very slender. Capsule globose, 5-valved ; seeds many, trigonal or 

 spherical. [Name Latin, meaning one-third of a foot, in reference to the height of the 

 plant.] 



