334 PRIMULACEAE 



1. Anagallis arvensis L. Scarlet Pimpernel. Fig. 3753. 



Anagallis arvensis L. Sp. PI. 148. 1753. 



Diffusely branched usually glabrous annual, the branches 1-3 dm. long, 4-sided. Leaves 

 opposite or rarely ternate, sessile or clasping, broadly ovate to oval, 5-20 mm. long ; peduncles 

 very slender, 1-3 cm. long, recurved in fruit ; calyx-lobes lanceolate, acuminate, 3-5 mm. long, 

 keeled ; corolla rotate, scarlet, usually with a violet center, sometimes white, 4-7 mm. broad ; 

 capsule glabrous, about 3-4 mm. in diameter. 



A field and garden weed, native of the Old World; common in central and southern California, less so in 

 western Oregon as far north as Portland, but so far not definitely reported from Washington. Flowering nearly 

 the year round. 



Anagallis arvensis var. coerulea (Lam.) Ledeb. FI. Ross. 3: 30. 1847. Flowers blue and in cultivated 

 forms usually larger. Occasionally growing spontaneously in California. 



7. CENTUNCULUS [Dill.] L. Sp. PI. 116. 1753. 



Low glabrous annual herb, with erect or ascending, simple or branched stems. Leaves 

 small, alternate or the lowest opposite, sessile or subsessile. Flowers minute, solitary in 

 the axils. Calyx 4— 5-parted, persistent, the lobes exceeding the 4-5-lobed marcescent 

 corolla. Stamens 4-5, inserted on the throat of the corolla; filaments short, distinct, glab- 

 rous; anthers ovate or cordate. Style filiform; stigma capitate; ovary globose; ovules 

 numerous. Capsule globose, circumscissile; seeds many, minute, angled. [Name Latin, 

 diminutive of cento, a patch.] 



A genus of 3 species with wide geographical range. Type species, Centunculus minimus L. 



1. Centunculus minimus L. Chaffweed or False Pimpernel. Fig. 3754. 



Centuncuhis minimus L. Sp. PI. 116. 1753. 



Plants usually branched, the branches ascending or decumbent, 3-15 cm. high. Leaves spatu- 

 late to broadly obovate or oblong, rounded to acutish at apex, short-petioled, 3-8 mm. long; 

 flowers sessile or subsessile, shorter than the leaves ; calyx-lobes 4, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 

 3 mm. long ; corolla pink, shorter than the calyx, 4-lobed, marcescent ; capsule globose, shorter 

 than the calyx-lobes, circumscissile near the middle. 



Moist places, Transition and Sonoran Zones; British Columbia to Minnesota, Illinois, California, Texas, 

 Florida, and Mexico: also South America and Europe. In the Pacific States it is locally but widely distributed 

 from northeastern Washington and eastern Oregon to southern California. Type locality: Europe. April-July. 



8. PRIMULA L. Sp. PI. 142. 1753. 



Herbs with perennial rhizomes, basal leaves, scapose stems and small or usually 

 showy dimorphous flowers in umbels or in racemose involucrate or bracteate whorls 

 terminating the scapes. Calyx 5-parted, the lobes imbricate, persistent. Corolla funnel- 

 form or salverform, the lobes imbricate, entire, emarginate or 2-cleft. Stamens 5, with 

 very short filaments inserted on the tube or throat; anthers oblong, obtuse. Ovary free 

 from the calyx, globose or ovoid; style filiform; stigma capitate. Capsule oblong to 

 globose, 5-valved at the summit ; seeds many, peltate, punctate. 



A genus of about 150 species, mostly of the northern hemisphere, but a few inhabit Java and the Straits 

 of Magellan. Type species. Primula veris L. 



Plants with a very short caudex and numerous fibrous roots; leaves not dentate at apex; umbels 2-flowered. 



1. P. Cusickiana. 

 Plants with an elongated woody caudex; leaves conspicuously dentate at apex; umbels several-flowered. 



2. P. suffrutescens. 



1. Primula Cusickiana A. Gray. Cusick's Primula or Wallowa Primrose. 



Fig. 3755. 



Primula angustifolia var. Cusickiana A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2^: 393. 1878. 

 Primula Cusickiana A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. ed. 2. 2^: 399. 1886. 



Plants with 1 to several very short caudices from a tuft of fibrous roots. Basal leaves oblong- 

 spatulate, 3-5 cm. long, entire or undulate and obscurely denticulate, glabrous; scapes 3-15 cm. 

 high, 2-4-flowered ; involucral bracts 2-3, 4-5 mm. long ; calyx green, 6-7 mm. long, the lobes 

 lanceolate, acuminate, a little longer than the tube ; corolla violet-purple, rarely white with yel- 

 lowish tube, the tube slightly exceeding the calyx-lobes, the lobes about 5 mm. long and nearly as 

 broad, retuse at apex. 



Rocky moist places. Boreal Zones; Union and Wallowa Counties, northeastern Oregon to Idaho. Type lo- 

 cality: rocky hills. Union County, Oregon. March-April. 



2. Primula suffrutescens A. Gray. Sierra Primula or Primrose. Fig. 3756. 



Primula suffrutescens A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 371. 1868. 



Stems suffrutescent and branching. Leaves crowded, 15-35 mm. long, spatulate and gradually 

 narrowed to a winged petiole, dentate on the rounded apex, rather thick, glabrous; scapes 4-10 

 cm. high, the upper part together with the pedicels and calyces nxinutely glandular-puberulent ; 



