GENTIAN FAMILY 359 



9. Gentiana Fremontii Torr. Moss Gentian. Fig. 3805. 



Centiana Fremontii Torr. in Frem. Rep. 94. 1843. 

 Gentiana viridula Parish, Bot. Gaz. 38: 461. 1904. 

 Chondrophylla Fremontii A. Nels. Bull. Torrey Club 31: 245. 1904. 



Annual or biennial, simple or branched from or near the base, 3-10 cm. high. Leaves all 

 rather broadly scarious-margined, mucronate, the basal orbicular-obovate, 5-6 mm. long, the 

 stem-leaves erect, oblong-oblanceolate or the uppermost linear, 4-6 mm. long; flowers solitary 

 and terminal ; calyx narrowly funnelform, about 7 mm. long, simulating the leaves, the lobes 

 acute, scarious-margined; corolla 5-7 mm. long, the lobes greenish with white margins, the 

 plaits in the sinuses white tinged with blue, their lobes minutely toothed ; capsule becoming 

 well-exserted on the elongated stipe, 2-valved at the summit, the valves spreading, and suggesting 

 a large 2-lobed stigma ; seeds 1 mm. long, ellipsoid, apiculate. 



Bogs or springs, Boreal Zones; known in the Pacific States only in the San Bernardino Mountains, Cali- 

 fornia, where it has been found on the South Fork of the Santa Ana River and at Dry Lake. In the Rocky Moun- 

 tains it ranges from Alberta to Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah. This species is closely related to Gentiana humihs 

 Steven of Siberia, and by some considered conspecific, but that name is a homonym. Type locality: Wind River 

 Mountains, Wyoming. June-Aug. 



10. Gentiana prostrata var. americana Engelm. Pigmy Gentian. Fig. 3806. 



Gentiana prostrata var. americana Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 217. pi. 9. figs. 10-15. 1863. 

 Chondrophylla americana A. Nels. Bull. Torrey Club 31 : 245. 1904. 



Low biennial, 2-10 cm. high, often branching from the base and decumbent. Leaves ovate 

 to oval, or the basal suborbicular, 2-3 mm. long, narrowly white-margined; flowers terminal, 

 solitary ; calyx 8-10 mm. long, the teeth 2-3 mm. long; corolla blue, the tube slightly exserted, 

 the lobes narrowly ovate, 3-4 mm. long, acute, the plaits in the sinuses ovate, acute or notched; 

 capsule linear-oblong, short-stipitate and enclosed in the corolla. 



Mountain meadows, Boreal Zones; Alaska, southward in the Rocky Mountains to Alberta and Colorado. 

 Known in the Pacific States only in the White Mountains, California, where it was collected in the McAfee 

 Meadows by Victor Duran. Type locality: "On Mount Flora and other alpine peaks of the Snowy Range, Colo- 

 rado." July-Aug. 



11. Gentiana Amarella var. acuta (Michx.) Herder. Northern Gentian. 



Fig. 3807. 



Gentiana acuta Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 177. 1803. 



Gentiana Amarella var. acuta Herder, Act. Hort. Petrop. 1 : 428. 1872. 



Gentiana anisosepala Greene, Pittonia 3: 309. 1898. 



Amarella Copelandii Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1 : 53. 1904. 



Amarella californica, A. Lembertii, A. Macounii Greene, op. cit. 54. 



Annual with a simple or branched, leafy stem, 10-40 cm. high. Basal and lower stem-leaves 

 spatulate to obovate, obtuse or rounded at apex, the upper lanceolate, acute, rounded or sub- 

 cordate at base, sessile or clasping, 15-35 mm. long; flowers usually many, racemose-spicate, on 

 slender ascending branchlets, pedicels slender, of unequal lengths ; calyx 5-10 mm. high, deeply 

 5-parted, the lobes lanceolate; corolla blue, tubular-campanulate 8-12 mm. high, 5-lobed or 

 rarely 4-lobed, the lobes lanceolate, acute, each with a fimbriate crown at the base ; capsule 

 sessile, fusiform-cylindric, dehiscent across the summit; seeds subspherical, 0.5 mm. in diameter. 



Moist places, Boreal and Transition Zones; Alaska to northern Lower California and across the continent. 

 Closely related to the typical species of Eurasia. Both the Old World and the New World plants exhibit many 

 variations and a number of specific and varietal names have been proposed, but Dr. Fernald (Rhodora 19: 149- 

 151) considers them all as constituting a single specific unit. Type locality: in high mountains of Carolina and in 

 Canada near "Tadoussack" (probably Tadousac, Quebec). 



In the Pacific States the form, for which Greene proposed the name Amarella Copelandii, is the most marked. 

 Its calvx-lobes are often 10-12 mm. long, and narrowly linear-lanceolate; the corolla 12-15 mm. long, and the 

 setae of the crown nearly as long as the lobes. It has been collected on Mount Eddy and on the upper Sacramento 

 River, California. June-Aug. 



12. Gentiana tenella Rottb. Danes' Gentian. Fig. 3808. 



Gentiana tenella Rottb. Kj0b. Selsk. Laerd. & Vidensk. 10: 436. 1770. 

 Gentiana monantha A. Nels. Bull. Torrey Club 31: 244. 1904. 

 Amarella monantha Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 148. 1906. 



Annual with a slender root, the stems branching near the base, and more or less cespitose, 

 3-8 cm. high, diminutive plants often unbranched. Basal leaves oblanceolate or spatulate. 

 10-15 mm. long, stem-leaves similar but smaller; flowers solitary on slender elongated peduncles 

 terminating the branches; calyx 4-parted, the divisions lanceolate, 6-8 mm. long; corolla nar- 

 rowly funnelform, white or tinged with green and blue about a third to a half longer than the 

 calyx, bearing a fringed crown at the throat, the lobes lanceolate, acute ; free portion of filaments 

 very short ; ovary cylindric ; stigma sessile. 



Alpine meadows. Boreal Zones; Arctic regions of both hemispheres. In North America ranging from Alaska 

 south through the Rocky Mountains to Colorado and northern Arizona. In the Pacific States it has been collected 

 in the Sierra Nevada from Mono County to Mount Whitney, California. Type locality: probably Europe. July- 

 Sept. 



