360 GENTIANACEAE 



13. Gentiana simplex A. Gray. One-flowered or Hikers' Gentian. Fig. 3809. 



Gentiana simplex A. Gray, Pacif. R. Rep. 6: 87. pi. 16. 1857. 

 Anthopogon simplex Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mts. 659. 1917. 



Annual with a solitary unbranched erect stem, 5-25 cm. high. Leaves in 3-6 pairs, dis- 

 tributed along the stem, the lowest pair clasping, the upper merely sessile, oblong-lanceolate, 

 or the uppermost oblong-linear, 10-18 mm. long; flower solitary on a terminal bractless peduncle 

 2-6 cm. long; calyx 1.5-2 cm. high, mostly 4-lobed to about the middle, the lobes lanceolate, 

 acute ; corolla blue, 25-40 mm. long, mostly 4-lobed, the lobes about equaling the tube, rounded at 

 the apex, their margins irregularly and somewhat laciniately toothed all around; stipe about as 

 long as the capsule ; seeds striate, otherwise smooth, or slightly roughened at each end. 



Mountain meadows. Boreal Zones; Cascade Mountains, Douglas County, Oregon, south to the Siskiyou and 

 Trinity Mountains, Sierra Nevada and San Bernardino Mountains, California, also in western Nevada and 

 central Idaho. Type locality: Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. July-Sept. 



14. Gentiana holopetala (A. Gray) Holm. Sierra or Tufted Gentian. Fig. 3810. 



Gentiana serrata var. holopetala A. Gray, Hot. Calif. 1 : 481. 1876. 

 Gentiana holopetala Holm, Ottawa Nat. 15: 110. 1901. 



Annual, 4-40 cm. high, the smaller plants simple, the larger branched and often cespitose, 

 the short branches terminated by the elongated 1 -flowered peduncles. Leaves crowded at the 

 base, spatulate-obovate, 1-3 cm. long, those on the stems linear-oblong, acute or acuminate ; 

 bracts none; calyx 1-3 cm. long, 4-lobed, the lobes usually longer than the tube, acuminate, 

 scarious-margined, with a dark green midrib ; corolla blue, f unnelform, 3-5 cm. long, 4-lobed, 

 the lobes oblong, obtuse, about half the length of the tube, entire or erose; stamens with fila- 

 ments free nearly to the base; capsule fusiform, 9-12 mm. long, the stipe nearly as long; seeds 

 oval, dark brown, covered with balloon-like processes. 



Mountain meadows, Boreal Zones; Sprague River, Klamath County, Oregon, and in the Sierra Nevada from 

 Tuolumne County to Tulare County, also Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, California. Type locality: 

 Tuolumne Soda Springs, California. July-Sept. 



5. SWERTIA L. Sp. PL 226. 1753. 



Perennial or biennial herbs, with erect, often hollow stems and opposite or verticil- 

 late leaves. Flowers rather large, 4- 5-merous, in a terminal thysrus or cymose panicle. 

 Calyx 4-5-parted into narrow lobes. Corolla 4-5-parted, rotate, the lobes convolute 

 in the bud, each bearing 1 or 2 fimbriate glands on the inner surface, the tube very short, 

 often bearing a corona on the throat, the lobes of the corona free, or sometimes con- 

 tiguous with the corolla-lobe and forming a pocket subtending and sometimes partly 

 enclosing the gland. Stamens 4 or 5, the filaments subulate or filiform, inserted on the 

 base of the corolla ; anthers oblong, versatile. Ovary ovoid, sessile, flattened laterally or 

 dorso-ventrally, tapering in to the short or often slender style; stigma small, 2-lobed. 

 Capsule coriaceous, more or less flattened either laterally or dorso-ventrally. Seeds few, 

 more or less compressed, faveolate, margined or narrowly winged. [Name in honor of 

 Emanuel Sweert, Dutch botanist of the sixteenth century.] 



A genus of about 70 species, natives of Europe, Asia, Africa and North America. Type species, Swcrtia 

 pcrennis L. 



Corolla-lobes each bearing 2 glands on the inner surface; capsule compressed contrary to the partition. 



Flowers 5-merous; glands rather distant, orbicular, fringed only on the upper edge; style none. 



1. S. perennis obtusa. 



Flowers 4-merous; glands approximate, oblong, fringed all around the edge. 2. S. radiata. 



Corolla-lobes each bearing 1 gland; capsule flattened parallel with the valves; flowers normally 4-merous. 



Corolla without a crown; gland orbicular; leaves not white-margined, whorled. 3. S. fastigiata. 



Corolla with a crown, the scales adnate to the gland and forming a pocket that subtends or more or less en- 

 closes part of the gland; leaves usually white-margined. 

 Gland entirely adnate to the corolla-lobe, forming an oblong or linear sometimes lobed pit, more or less 

 fringed on the margin. 

 Stem-leaves opposite. 



Inflorescence a narrow spike-like thyrsus, often interrupted below; gland entire at apex; leaves 

 white-margined. 

 Gland oblong, enclosed below by the pocket-like crown-scale; leaves white-margined. 

 Herbage minutely puberulent. 4. 5. albicattlis. 



Herbage glabrous. 5. 5. nitida. 



Gland quadrate, enclosed to the middle or a little more by the pocket-like scale, the exposed 

 portion quadrate. 6. S. neglecta. 



Inflorescence on open panicle; gland lobed at apex or lunate. 



Gland shallowly 2-lobed at apex; herbage puberulent. 7. S. puberulenta. 



Gland broad, lunate, subtended by a broad saccate crown-scale. 8. .S". Parryi. 



Stem-leaves in whorl of 3 or more; gland oblong, lobed at apex. 9. S. albomarginata. 



Gland adnate to the crown-scale forming a tube, 2-lobed at apex and free from the corolla-lobe; leaves 

 whorled, white-margined. 10. S. tubutosa. 



