GENTIAN FAMILY 363 



becoming shorter toward the apex of the gland ; scales between the filaments obdeltoid to oblong 

 or linear, deeply laciniate to entire ; capsule ellipsoid-ovate, compressed, 8 mm. long ; style 

 slender ; seeds not longitudinally grooved or ridged. 



Open ground in dry or moist situations, Arid Transition Zone; northeastern Washington south through east- 

 ern Oregon to northeastern California, east to Idaho and western Montana. Type locality: "In the Mountain 

 Vallies between Spokan and Kettle Falls [Washington], in moist soil." May-June. 



This species is variable and recently several segregates have been proposed (St. John, Amer. Midi. Nat. 

 26: 16-22. 1941): Swertia sierrae St. John, type locality, about 2 miles north of Madeline, altitude 4,500 feet, 

 Lassen County, California; Swertia modocensis St. John, type locality also about 2 miles north of Madeline, alti- 

 tude 4,500 feet, Lassen County, California; Stvcrtia calif ornica St. John, type locality Camp Bidwell, Lassen 

 County, California; Swertia Bethclii St. John, type locality. Fall River Mills, Shasta County, California. All of 

 these resemble typical Swertia alhicaulis in habit and major morphological characters and differ only in rather 

 minute and apparently unstable characters, such as entire or variously toothed crown-scales and in the size and 

 shape of the glands. 



5. Swertia nitida (Benth.) Jepson. Shining Swertia. Fig. 3815. 



Frascra nitida Benth. PI. Hartw. 322. 1849. 

 Swertia nitida Jepson, Man. Fl. PI. Calif. 766. 1925. 

 Frasera nitida var. albida Suksd. Werdenda 1 : 30. 1927. 

 Szcertia albicaulis var. nitida Jepson, Fl. Calif. 3: 94. 1939. 

 Swertia columbiana St. John, Amer. Midi. Nat. 26: 22. 1941. 



Stems usually several, erect, 2-5 dm. high, the whole plant glabrous. Basal leaves linear- 

 oblanceolate, 10-20 cm. long, 4-15 mm. wide, rounded to acutish at apex, narrowly white- 

 margined ; stem-leaves of 2 or 3 pairs, linear ; inflorescence an interrupted thyrsus ; calyx-lobes 

 4-6 mm. long, lanceolate-subulate, white-margined ; corolla-lobes ovate-elliptic, 6-8 mm. long, 

 dull white tinged with violet ; gland greenish, oblong, the setae along the margin turned inward 

 and interlacing; filaments monadelphous at base by a low glabrous crown; anthers attached at 

 the middle, 2 mm. long; scales between the stamens, oblong, laciniately or pectinately 3- to 

 several-lobed at summit; capsule flattened, about 10 mm. long; seeds oblong, 7 mm. long, 

 grooved longitudinally. 



Open coniferous forests. Arid Transition Zone; Klickitat County, Washington, south through the Cascade and 

 Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon, to the central Sierra Nevada (Eldorado County) and the North Coast Ranges (Lake 

 County), California. Type-locality: Sierra Nevada. May-July. 



Swertia nitida subsp. Cusickii (A. Gray) Abrams. (Frasera Ctisickii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22, 310. 

 1887; F. nitida var. Cusickii Nels. & Macbr. Hot. Gaz. 61: 33. 1916; Swertia Cusickii St. John, Amer. Midi. 

 Nat. 26: 25. 1941.) Similar to the typical species in general habit; scales between the petals broadly oval, larger, 

 completely concealing the ovary, entire. Western Idaho and the mountains of northeastern Oregon as far south 

 as northern Harney County. Type locality: "Hillsides of Grande Ronde Valley, N..E Oregon." 



6. Swertia neglecta (Hall) Jepson. Pine Swertia. Fig. 3816. 



Frasera neglecta Hall, Bot. Gaz. 31: pi. 10. 1901 

 Swertia neglecta Jepson, Man. Fl. PI. Calif. 766. 1925. 



Stems 1 to several from the root crown, erect, 25^5 cm. high ; herbage glabrous and pale 

 green. Basal leaves narrowly oblanceolate to linear, 3-10 cm. long, acute or acutish, white- 

 margined ; stem-leaves opposite, even the lowest pair often floriferous ; inflorescence an inter- 

 rupted thyrsus, with short lanceolate acuminate bracts ; pedicels 1-2 cm. long ; calyx-lobes 

 narrowly lanceolate, white-margined, 6-7 mm. long ; corolla-lobes oblong-obovate, 8-10 mm. 

 long, acute, greenish white, veined with purple ; gland enclosed to the middle or a little more 

 by the pocket, the free portion quadrate, conspicuously fringed all around by incurved lacinae ; 

 capsule short-ovoid, about 5 mm. long. 



Dry flats and slopes. Arid Transition Zone; mainly on the desert slopes of the San Emidio, San Gabriel, and 

 San Bernardino Mountains, southern California. Type locality: Swartout Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains. May- 

 Aug. 



7. Swertia puberulenta (Davidson) Jepson. Inyo Swertia. Fig. 3817. 



Frasera puberulenta Davidson, Bull. S. Calif. Acad. 11 : 77. pi. 1. 1912. 

 Swertia puberulenta Jepson, Fl. Calif. 3: 95. 1939. 



Stem solitary from the taproot, stout, 2-30 cm. high, about 1 cm. thick ; herbage puberulent. 

 Leaves white-margined, the basal oblanceolate, 3-6 cm. long, obtuse at apex, rather abruptly 

 narrowed below to a winged petiole ; stem-leaves opposite, oblong, obtuse, sessile and often 

 somewhat conduplicate ; inflorescence an open panicle ; calyx-lobes lanceolate-subulate, 6-8 mm. 

 long ; corolla-lobes about equaling the calyx, greenish white flecked with dark purple, obovate, 

 abruptly short-acuminate, gland almost completely enclosed by the pocket, fringed at the opening ; 

 ovary flecked with dark purple; anthers 1.5 mm. long. 



Open coniferous forests. Boreal Zones; southern Sierra Nevada, usually at an elevation of 9,000 feet or more. 

 Mono and Inyo Counties, California; also in the White Mountains, California. Type locality: South Lake, Bishop 

 Creek, Inyo County, California. July-Aug. 



8. Swertia Parryi (Terr.) Kuntze. Parry's Swertia. Fig. 3818. 



Frasera Parryi Torr. Pacific R. Rep. 4: 126. 1857. 

 Swertia Parryi Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 430. 1891. 



Stems usually solitary from the taproot, stout, 6-12 dm. high, and 1-2 cm. thick; herbage 

 glabrous. Leaves white-margined, the basal lanceolate or oblanceolate, acute at apex, tapering 

 at base to a winged petiole, 5-15 cm. long, stem-leaves lanceolate, sessile, becoming smaller. 



