340 PRIMULACEAE 



above ; umbels usually many-flowered, the pedicels and calyx glandular-puberulent ; flowers 4-5- 

 merous ; calyx-lobes narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 6-7 mm. long; corolla-lobes 15-25 mim. 

 long, rose-pink, pale and often yellowish toward the base, closely reflexed exposing the dark 

 purple band of the throat ; anthers reddish purple, 8-9 mm. long, gradually narrowing from the 

 base to the acute apex ; filaments very short or obsolete ; capsule broadly ovoid about equaling 

 the calyx-lobes. 



Wet meadows. Transition and Boreal Zones; British Columbia, Idaho, eastern Washington, and eastern 

 Oregon to southern California. Type locality: "Montagnes-Rocheuses." June-Aug. 



Dodecatheon Jeffreyi var. viviparum (Greene) Abrams. {Dodccathcon crenatum Greene, Pittonia 2: 74. 

 1890. Not Raf. 1833; D. viviparum Greene, Erythea 3: 38. 1895.) Plants thinly glandular-puberulent; leaves 

 8-2S cm. long, 2.5-4.5 cm. wide, mostly rounded or obtuse at apex, gradually or more often rather abruptly 

 narrowed to the scarcely or not at all winged petiole, the margin often rather obscurely crenate, with a callous 

 in the notch between the teeth; flowers 5-merous; corolla strongly reflexed as in the typical species. Bogs and wet 

 meadows, Boreal Zones; Cascade and Olympic Mountains, Washington, and Mount Hood, Oregon. Type locality: 

 "at a little below the limit of trees on Mt. Rainier, Washington." 



Dodecatheon Jeffreyi var. ridolens Hall, Bot. Gaz. 31: 392. 1901. Herbage rather glandular-puberulent 

 and redolent with a strong odor; flowers mostly 5-merous; corolla folding back about half-way up the corolla-tube 

 thus including the lower part of the stamens and capsule within the cup-like lower part of the tube, and this 

 without a purple band at the base. Blue Mountains, northeastern Oregon; White Mountains and the central 

 Sierra Nevada to San Jacinto Mountains, California; Ruby and Toiyabe and Charleston Mountains, Nevada. 

 Type locality: "along the lakes at the base of Mt. Goddard, 3,400 m.," Sierra Nevada, California. 



3. Dodecatheon alpinum (A. Gray) Greene. Alpine Shooting Star. Fig. 3765. 



Dodecatheon ellipticutn Nutt. ex Durand, Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 3: 94. 1855. As to Nuttall's type, not Raf. 1832. 

 Dodecatheon Meadia var. alpinum A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 467. 1876. 

 Dodecatheon alpinum Greene, Erythea 3: 39. 1895. 

 Dodecatheon tetrandrum Suksd. ex Greene, op. cit. 40. 



Plants with a definite, often bulbiferous rootstock, glabrous throughout. Leaves linear- 

 oblanceolate, 3-15 cm. long, 5-12 mm. wide, obtuse or rounded at apex, entire; scape slender, 

 10-30 cm. high; flowers 1 to several in the umbel, 4-merous, rarely 5- or 6-merous ; calyx- 

 tube 2 mm. long, the lobes 3-4 nmi. long, lanceolate, acute ; corolla rose-purple, the lobes lance- 

 olate, 10-15 mm. long; anthers subsessile, linear, 7 mm. long, the connective deep purple, smooth; 

 capsule oblong-ellipsoid, 7-8 mm. long, splitting into valves from the apex. 



Wet meadows and springs, Boreal Zones; Cascade Mountains, Washington, to the San Jacinto Mountains, 

 southern California, east to Nevada and Utah. Type locality: high Sierra Nevada, California. May-Aug. 



4. Dodecatheon conjugens Greene. Bonneville Shooting Star. Fig. 3766. 



Dodecatheon conjugens Greene, Erythea 3 : 40. 1895. 



Dodecatheon glastifolium Greene, op. cit. 71. 



Dodecatheon campestrum Howell, Fl. N.W. Amer. 432. 1897. 



Dodecatheon Hendersonii var. leptophyllum Suksd. Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 132. 1900. 



Dodecatheon conjugens subsp. leptophyllum Piper, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 11: 446. 1906. 



Plants glabrous throughout, with a short erect crown producing fleshy-fibrous roots. Leaves 

 obovate to oblong-oblanceolate, rounded to acutish at apex, narrowed to a distinct petiole about 

 equaling the blade, 5-10 cm. long including the petiole, 1-25 cm. wide ; scapes rather stout, 10- 

 20 cm. high; flowers 1-3, rarely more in the umbel, 5-merous; corolla deep purple varying to 

 rose-purple or rarely white, tinged with yellow at the base of the lobes, these 15-20 mm. long; 

 anthers sessile, distinct, 6 mm. long, dark purple ; capsule cylindric, 8-12 mm. long, circumscissile 

 below the apex then splitting into valves ; seeds broadly ellipsoid, slightly flattened, brown. 



Moist slopes and thickets, Arid Transition Zone; Chelan County, Washington, to Lassen County, California, 

 and Steen Mountains, southeastern Oregon, east to Montana and Wyoming. Type locality: "My first specimens 

 were from Prof. Kelsey, who obtained them on dry hills near Helena, Montana. Better material is now in hand 

 collected in southeastern Oregon, in 1893, by Mrs. R. M. Austin." It is obvious from this statement that Mrs. 

 Austin's specimen is the type and therefore the type locality is "southeastern Oregon." March-May. 



Dodecatheon conjugens var. viscidum (Piper) H. L. Mason ex St. John, Fl. S.E. Wash. 311. 1937. 

 CD. viscidum Piper, Bull. Torrey Club 28: 43. 1901.) Whole plant, including calyx and capsule, glandular- 

 puberulent; capsule cylindric, narrow, 10-15 mm. long, circumscissile near the apex. In describing this species 

 Professor Piper wrote: "collected by the writer ten miles west of Spangle, Wash. 24 May 1898. The plant was 

 found on a grassy hillside in one spot only, and is apparently very rare." Subsequent collections have been made 

 bv Suksdorf on "damp low ground near Spangle." These specimens are dated April 26, May 17, and June 30, 

 1916. 



5. Dodecatheon Cusickii Greene. Columbia or Sticky Shooting Star. Fig. 3767. 



Dodecatheon Meadia var. puberula Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 48. 1834. 



Dodecatheon Cusickii Greene, Pittonia 2: 73. 1890. 



Dodecatheon puberulentum Heller, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 311. 1897. 



Dodecatheon puberiilum Piper, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 11: 445. 1906. 



Dodecatheon paucifiorum var. Cusickii H. L. Mason ex St. John, Fl. S.E. Wash. 312. 1937. 



Plants low and slender, 15-30 cm. high, glandular-pubescent throughout. Leaves, including 

 the petiole, 6-9 cm. long, oblanceolate to almost oval, obtuse or rounded at apex, narrowed at 

 base to the slender petiole of about equal length, entire or sometimes toothed; umbels few- 

 flowered; corolla 10-15 mm. long, with a sinuous purple line at base and a yellow band above; 

 the lobes rose-purple to lavender ; filament-tube yellowish, about half as long as the anthers ; 

 connectives narrowly wedge-shaped at base, dark purple, smooth or nearly so, pollen-sacs cream- 

 yellow or sometimes purplish, dorsally ; capsule sub-cylindric, acute at apex, 6-8 mm. long, gla- 

 brous, dehiscing through the styles leaving the ends of the valves acute. 



Usually on moist banks or slopes, mainly Arid Transition Zone; British Columbia southward east of the 



