278 UMBELLIFERAE 



8. Cymopterus aboriginum M. E. Jones. Indian Parsnip. Fig. 3627.' 



Cymopterus aboriginum M. E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. No. 12:22. 1908. 



Plants acaulescent, the leaves and peduncles arising from the short rootstock clothed with 

 persistent bases of the petioles, 1-3.5 dm. high. Leaves oblong, 3-10 cm. long, on petioles of 

 about equal length, glaucous and hirtellous, ternate-bipinnate or 3-pinnate ; leaf-divisions entire 

 to pinnately lobed ; ultimate divisions broadly linear, acute, distinct or some confluent, 2-8 mm. 

 long ; peduncles glabrous, equaling or exceeding the leaves ; rays 3-10, spreading, 4-20 mm. 

 long; bracts, -when present, few, linear; bractlets several, linear-attenuate, slightly scarious, 

 about equaling or shorter than the white flowers; fruit ovoid to oblong, 6-11 mm. long; wings 

 about twice as broad as the body, thin; seed-face slightly concave. 



Rocky ridges and slopes, mainly Arid Transition Zone; vicinity of Mono Lake, to the Panamint Moun- 

 tains, California, and the Charleston Mountains, Nevada. Type locality: Indian Spring, Charleston Mountains. 

 April-May. 



9. Cymopterus bipinnatus S. Wats. Hayden's Cymopterus. Fig. 3628. 



Cymopterus bipinnatus S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 368. 1885. 

 Cynomarathrum Macbridei A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 54: 142. 1912. 



Plants cespitose, acaulescent, 0.2-2.6 dm. high. Leaves narrowly oblong, 1.5-6.5 cm. long, 

 bipinnate, gray-green, rough-puberulent ; the leaf-divisions entire to pinnately lobed, the lobes 

 obtuse, crowded, 1-4 mm. long ; petioles 2-9 cm. long ; peduncles greatly exceeding the leaves ; 

 involucre none; rays 3-5, 1-17 niim. long; bractlets linear, acute, about equaling the flowers; 

 flowers white ; fruit ovoid-oblong, 3-6 mm. long, the wings often broader at base, narrower 

 than the body. 



Rocky ridges, Arid Transition Zone; eastern Oregon to Montana, Nevada and Utah. Type locality: "Rocky 

 Mountains south of Virginia City, Montana, by Prof. Hayden in 1871." May-June. 



10. Cymopterus purpurascens (A. Gray) M. E. Jones. Purple Cymopterus. 



Fig. 3629. 



Cymopterus montanus var. purpurascens A. Gray, Bot. Ives Exped. 15. 1860. 

 Cymopterus purpurascens M. E. Jones, Zoe 4: 277. 1893. Not M. E. Jones, 1895. 

 Cymopterus utahensis M. E. Jonts.'PTOc. Ca-Mi. Acad. II. 5: 684. 1895. 



Acaulescent or subcaulescent, 3-15 cm. high from a slender taproot crowned with persistent 

 leaf -bases, glabrous. Leaves ovate-oblong, 1.2-5 cm. long, bipinnate or pinnate or occasionally 

 ternate-pinnate, pallid, fleshy; leaf-divisions entire to pinnately lobed, the lobes rounded to 

 acute, 1-8 mm. long; petioles 1-4 cm. long; peduncles 1.5-7 cm. long; involucre of conspicuous 

 white bracts, connate below the middle, 1-5-nerved ; rays 3-5, 4-10 mm. long; bractlets similar 

 to the bracts, 1-5-nerved, equaling or exceeding the purplish flowers; fruit broadly ovoid, 8-18 

 mm. long, the wings twice or thrice the width of the body, narrow to slightly enlarged at base. 



Desert ranges, Sonoran Zones; southeastern California to Arizona, north to Idaho and Utah. Type locality: 

 "Oryabe, New Mexico." March-May. 



11. Cymopterus multinervatus (Coult. & Rose) Tidestrom. Arizona 



Cymopterus. Fig. 3630. 



Cymopterus purpurascens M. E. Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 687. 1895. Not M. E. Jones, 1893. 

 Fhellopterus multinervatus Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 169. 1900. 

 Cymopterus multinervatus Tidestrom, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48: 41. 1935. 



Subterranean stems usually several, 0.4-2 dm. high, from the stout taproot. Leaves ovate- 

 oblong, glabrous, 1-2-pinnate or occasionally ternate-pinnate, pale glaucous-green, 1-8.5 cm. 

 long, about equaled by the petioles ; leaf-divisions entire to pinnately lobed ; lobes confluent ; 

 peduncles 2-14 cm. high ; bracts forming a scarious sheath, or of 1 or 2 nerved bracts, or a con- 

 spicuous cup ; rays 1-5, 5-25 mm. long ; involucel of several, broad, purple, sometimes white- 

 margined, several-nerved bractlets united at the base, about equaling the purple flowers; fruit 

 ovoid to ovoid-oblong, 8-17 mm. long ; wings slightly enlarged at base, twice or thrice the width 

 of the body. 



Dry desert plains and hills, Sonoran Zones; desert slopes of the San Bernardino Mountains and the New 

 York Mountains, California, to Utah, western Texas and Sonora. Type locality: Peach Springs, northern Ari- 

 zona. March-April. 



43. ERYNGIUM L. Sp. PI. 232. 1753. 



Creeping to erect, herbaceous, usually glabrous biennials or perennials from taproots 

 or clusters of fibrous roots. Leaves entire, pinnately or palmately lobed to divided, blades 

 sometimes obsolete; petioles sheathing, sometimes septate. Inflorescence capitate, the 

 heads solitary, cymose or racemose; involucre of entire or lobed bracts subtending the 

 head. Bracdets entire or lobed, subtending the white, blue or purple flowers. Sepals 

 conspicuous, entire to spinescent. Rays and pedicels none. Stylopodium none, the styles 

 shorter or longer than the persistent sepals. Fruit globose to ovoid, slig'tly flattened 

 laterally if at all, variously covered with scales or tubercles, the ribs obsolete. Oil-tubes 

 inconspicuous. [Name Greek, of uncertain origin.] 



