CARROT FAMILY 279 



About 200 species, distributed through the temperate and subtropical regions of the earth. Type species, 

 Eryngiutn foetidum L. 



Heads pale blue to amethystine. 



Basal leaves with elongate septate petioles greatly exceeding the small lanceolate to ovate blades; bracts and 



bractlets not callous-margined. 1- £• arHculatum. 



Basal leaves with non-septate petioles shorter than to equaling the blades; bracts and bractlets callous-mar- 

 gifjejl 2. E. armatum. 



Heads greenish, never blue. 



Basal leaves bladeless or with elongate, usually septate petioles, much longer than the small blades. 



Bracts obscurely callous-margined, about twice as long as the heads; styles shorter than the sepals. 



4. E. petiolatum. 



Bracts not callous-margined, usually less than twice as long as the heads; style equaling or exceeding 

 the sepals. 

 Bractlets usually scarious-margined at the base; fruit with subequal scales. 



Leaf-blades 3-15 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad; inflorescence cymose; bracts spinose-ciliate; bract- 

 lets spinose to entire. 5. E. ahsmaefohum. 

 Leaf-blades 2-3 cm. long, 4-6 mm. broad; inflorescence falsely racemose; bracts with several 

 lateral spines near the base; bractlets entire. 6. £. racemosum. 

 Bractlets usually scarious-lobed at base; fruit with unequal scales. 7. E. aristulatum. 

 Basal leaves with usually non-septate petioles, shorter than to only slightly exceeding the blades. 



Leaves definitely callous-margined. 3. E. pinnatiscctum. 



Leaves not callous-margined. 



Bracts and bractlets callous-margined, usually entire. 2. E. armatum. 



Bracts and bractlets not callous-margined, usually spinose to lobed. 



Leaf-blades deeply pinnatifid, the lobes usually remote, spinulose-lobed to pinnatifid. 



8. E. Vaseyi. 



Leaf-blades coarsely serrate, incised to pinnatifid, the teeth or lobes proximate, entire to 

 spinose. 

 Basal leaves with lanceolate or oval blades, 2-6 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad; inflorescence 



puberulent. 7. E. aristulatum. 



Basal leaves with ovate-lanceolate to oblanceolate blades, 3-25 cm. long, . 5-3 cm. 

 broad; inflorescence glabrous. 



Bractlets scarious-lobed at base; fruit with unequal scales. 



7. E. aristulatum. 



Bractlets scarious-winged at base; fruit with subequal scales. 



S. E. alismce folium. 



1. Eryngium articulatum Hook. Eryngo or Coyote-thistle. Fig. 3631. 



Eryngixim articulatum Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 232. 1847. 

 Eryngium Harknessii Curran, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1 : 153. 1885. 

 Eryngium articulatum var. Bakeri Jepson, Madrorio 1 : 104. 1923. 



Plants Stout, erect, 3-10 dm. high. Basal leaves elongate, the petioles septate, 1-3 (or 6) dm. 

 long, greatly exceeding the abortive lanceolate or ovate, entire or spinose blades ; cauline leaves 

 similar but sessile, often laciniate at base ; inflorescence cymose, the large heads numerous, 

 pedunculate, ovoid, 1-2 cm. long, bright blue; bracts rigid, reflexed, linear-lanceolate, spinose- 

 ciliate and scarious-dilated at base, about equaling the heads; bractlets tricuspidate at apex, 

 exceeding the fruit; sepals linear-lanceolate, usually entire; styles equaling or exceeding the 

 sepals ; fruit ovoid, 2-3 mm. long, densely covered with appressed, white, acuminate lanceolate scales. 



Wet ground, the basal leaves often submerged when young. Transition and Upper Sonoran Zones; central 

 California to northern Idaho. Type locality: "stony edges of the Spokane River, and Skitsoe and Coeur d'Alene 

 Lakes, Idaho." 



2. Eryngium armatum (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose. Prickly Eryngo or 



Coyote-thistle. Fig. 3632. 



Eryngium petiolatum var. armatum S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 255. 1876. 

 Eryngium armatum Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 141. 1888. 

 Eryngium longtstylum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 55. 1900. 

 Eryngium Harmsianum Wolff, Rep. Spec. Nov. 8: 415. 1910. 



Plants low, diffusely branched, 0.5-4 dm. high. Basal leaves rosulate, thick, oblanceolate, 

 0.5-3 dm. long, remotely serrate to coarsely spinose-incised, narrowed to a short margined 

 petiole; cauline leaves narrower, sessile; inflorescence cymose, the numerous heads sessile or 

 short-pedunculate, 5-15 mm. in diameter, yellowish or occasionally bluish; bracts lanceolate, 

 callous-margined, usually entire, much exceeding the heads, often scarious-winged at base; 

 , bractlets similar, scarious-winged at base, enfolding and exceeding the fruit ; sepals ovate- 

 lanceolate, entire; styles shorter than to considerably exceeding the sepals; fruit ovoid, 1.5-3 

 mm. long, densely covered with flat, white or brown scales, largest on upper portion of fruit. 



Low ground near the coast, mainly Humid Transition Zone; northern and central California coast, inland 

 in the vicinity of San Francisco Bay. Type locality: "Monterey to Humboldt County." May-Aug. 



3. Eryngium pinnatiscctum Jepson. Tuolumne Eryngo or Coyote-thistle. 



" Fig. 3633. 



Eryngium pinnatisectum Jepson, Madrono 1 : 105. 1923. 



Plants stout, erect, branching above, 1-4 dm. high. Basal leaves lanceolate, 1-3 dm._ long, 

 tapering to a winged petiole, pinnatifid to the midrib, the lobes callous-margined, entire or 



