CARROT FAMILY 281 



somewhat spinose-toothed ; cauline leaves similar but sessile or nearly so ; inflorescence cymose, 

 the globose pedunculate heads 8-15 mm. long; bracts linear-lanceolate, 1-3 cm. long, callous- 

 margined, usually entire, conspicuously scarious-margined at base, greatly surpassing the heads ; 

 bractlets similar, the scarious basal margin embracing the fruit ; sepals lanceolate, 3-4 mm. 

 long, mucronate ; styles slightly exceeding the sepals ; fruit ovoid, 3 mm. long, densely covered 

 with appressed, subequal white scales. 



Heavy soils in depressions, Upper Sonoran Zone; western foothills of the central Sierra Nevada, California. 

 Type locality: Duffield Canyon, Soulsbyville, California. June-Aug. 



4. Eryngium petiolatum Hook. Oregon Eryngo or Coyote-thistle. Fig. 3634. 



Eryngium petiolatum Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 259. 1832. 



Eryngium pctiotatitm var. juncifolium A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 38S. 1872. 



Plants caulescent, slender, erect or ascending, 2-5 dm. high, branching above. Lower leaves 

 reduced to elongate, septate petioles 1-4 dm. long, with or without small lanceolate to ovate 

 spinulose-serrate blades ; cauline leaves similar, reduced, sessile or short-petiolate ; inflorescence 

 cymose, the numerous small heads short-pedunculate, globose, 5-8 mm. in diameter; bracts and 

 bractlets rigid, subulate, obscurely callous-margined and ciliate-spinose, much longer than the 

 heads ; sepals lanceolate, 3 mm. long, usually entire ; styles a little shorter than the sepals ; fruit 

 ovoid-oblong, 2 mm. long, densely covered with depressed, flat, white, subequal scales. 



Wet ground. Transition Zones; Falcon Valley, Washington, and Willamette and Hood River Valleys to 

 southern Oregon. Type locality: "moist soils on the plains of the Multnomak [Willamette] River," Oregon. 



July-August. 



5. Eryngium alismaefolium Greene. Alisma-leaved Eryngo or Coyote-thistle. 



Fig. 3635. 



Eryngium petiolatum var. minimum Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Amer. Umbell. 98. 1888. 

 Eryngium articulatum var. microcephahim Coult. & Rose, op. cit. 99. 

 Eryngium alismaefolium Greene, Erythea 3: 64. 1895. 



Plants low, the numerous stems clustered at the base, diffusely branched, 0.5-3 dm. high. 

 Basal leaves lanceolate to ovate, often 3-15 crrt long and exceeding the stems, the earlier leaves 

 consisting of terete septate bladeless petioles, the later flat, spinose and developing a lanceolate 

 to ovate, spinose-serrate, incised or pinnatifid blade ; cauline leaves similar, much-reduced ; in- 

 florescence cymose. the small heads numerous, short-pedunculate, globose, 5-10 mm. in diam- 

 eter ; bracts few, linear-lanceolate to subulate, 6-16 mm. long, often spinose-ciliate, exceeding 

 the heads ; bractlets spinose to entire, with broad scarious margins, exceeding the fruit ; sepals 

 ovate-lanceolate, 1-3 mm. long, scarious-margined; styles equaling or slightly longer than the 

 sepals; fruit ovoid, about 2 mm. long, densely covered with narrow, flat, white, subequal scales. 



Mountain meadows. Transition Zones; south-central Oregon to northeastern California and northern Nevada. 

 Type locality: Egg Lake, Modoc County, California. Aug. 



6. Eryngium racemosum Jepson. Delta Eryngo or Coyote-thistle. Fig. 3636. 



Eryngium racemosum Jepson, Fl. Calif. 2: 659. 1936. 



Stems slender, decumbent or prostrate, 2 or 3 from the base, 1-3 dm, long. Basal leaves 

 lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long, nearly entire to spinulose-serrate ; petioles slender, elongate, septate, 

 1-4 dm. long, exceeding the blades; inflorescence falsely racemose, the small, numerous heads 

 short-pedunculate, 4-8 mm. long ; bracts about 8, linear, 8-10 mm. long, spinulose at the base, 

 exceeding the heads ; the bractlets scarious-margined at the base, not spinulose, longer than the 

 fruit; sepals ovate, entire, 1-1.5 mm. long, scarious-margined; styles slightly exceeding the 

 sepals; fruit ovoid, 1.5 mm. long, densely covered with short, appressed, white or tawny, sub- 

 equal scales. 



Low flats and river bottoms. Upper Sonoran Zone; San Joaquin Delta, California. Type locality: San Joa- 

 quin City, California. Aug.-Oct. 



7. Eryngium aristulatum Jepson. Jepson's Eryngo or Coyote-thistle. Fig. 3637. 



Eryngium aristulatum Jepson, Erythea 1: 62. 1893. 



Eryngium clongatum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 53. 1900. Not Pohl, 1879. 



Eryngium Jepsonii Coult. & Rose, op. cit. 54. 



Eryngium obtanceolatum Coult. & Rose, op. cit. 56. 



Eryngium caUfornicum Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Calif. 343. 1901. 



Eryngium laxibracteum Mathias, Brittonia 2: 245. 1936. 



Plants stout or slender, 1-8 dm. high, the stems with erect or prostrate branches ; basal 

 leaves oblanceolate to obovate, 3.5-25 cm. long, spinulose-serrate to incised or lobed, or blades 

 obsolete ; petioles elongate, septate, 5-25 cm. long ; inflorescence cymose, the numerous heads 

 pedunculate, globose, 5-12 mm. in diameter, the upper often much smaller than the lower; 

 bracts spreading, linear or linear-lanceolate, 0.5-2.5 cm. long, varying with the size of the heads 

 which they equal or greatly exceed, spinose and somewhat scarious-winged at base ; bractlets 

 spinose or entire, scarious-lobed at base and enfolding the fruit, often spinose in the sinuses, 

 equaling or exceeding the fruit; sepals lanceolate, 1.5-3.5 mm. long, usually entire; styles usu- 

 ally exceeding the sepals; fruit ovoid, 1.5-2.5 mm. long, densely covered with narrow, ap- 

 pressed scales, those of the upper portion greatly exceeding those at the base. 



Vernal pools and salt marshes. Transition and Upper Sonoran Zones; Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada 

 foothills of northern California. Type locality: "in the dry bed of a winter lake, mountains south of Uncle Sam 

 Mountain," Lake County. June-Sept. 



