DOGWOOD FAMILY 283 



to ovoid, 8-18 mm. long; bracts spreading to slightly reflexed, 1-3 cm. long, pinnately spinose and often with 

 some dorsal spines, greatly exceeding the heads; bractlets pinnately spinose and often with some dorsal spines, the 

 basal wing spinose; sepals, or some of them, pinnatifid with 3-8 spiny teeth. Upper San Joaquin Valley, Cali- 

 fornia. Type locality: Exeter, Tulare County. 



Family 110. CORNACEAE. 

 Dogwood Family. 



Trees, shrubs or suffnitescent plants with usually entire opposite, verticillate or 

 rarely alternate leaves. Flowers perfect or polygamo-dioecious, cymose, capitate or 

 rarely solitary, with or without petaloid bracts. Hypanthium adnate to the ovary. 

 Sepals 4 or 5^ minute. Petals 4-5, rarely more, inserted at the base of the epigynous 

 disk. Stamens as many as petals or more numerous. Ovary inferior, 1-2-celled, 

 rarely more ; style 1 ; stigma terminal ; ovules 1 in each cell, pendulous, anatropous. 

 Fruit a drupe ; stone 1-2-celled ; endosperm present. 



A family of about 16 genera and 80 species. 



1. CORNUS L. Sp. PI. 117. 1753. 



Trees, shrubs or suffrutescent plants, with opposite, verticillate or rarely alternate 

 leaves, and small flowers in cymes or heads, the latter subtended by showy petaloid bracts. 

 Sepals 4, minute. Petals 4, valvate. Stamens 4. Ovary 2-celled ; stigma terminal, trun- 

 cate or capitate. Drupe ovoid or globose with a 2-ceIled and 2-seeded stone. [Name 

 Latin, meaning horn, in reference to the hard wood.] 



A genus of about 25 species, native of the north temperate regions; also Mexico and Peru. Type species, 

 Cornus Mas L. 



Flowers cymose or umbellate, without involucral bracts, or these small and caducous. 

 Flowers cymose, naked. 



Leaves thinly appressed-puberulent, or glabrate. 



Branches of the inflorescence glabrous; leaves bright green beneath; petals strap-shaped; drupe 



white. 1- C. glabrata. 



Branches of the inflorescence appressed-puberulent; leaves pale green beneath; petals ovate-oblong; 



drupe bluish. 2. C. stolonifera. 



Leaves more or less tomentose beneath with spreading hairs; drupe white. 3. C. californica. 



Flowers in few-flowered axillary umbels, subtended by 4 caducous bracts. 4. C. sessilis. 



Flowers in a head, subtended by large persistent white bracts. 



Tree or arborescent shrub. 5- C- Nuttatlii. 



Low herbaceous plants, with a creeping rootstock. 6. C. canadensis. 



1. Cornus glabrata Benth. Smooth or Brown Dogwood. Fig. 3639. 



Cornus glabrata Benth. Bot. Sulph. 18. 1844. 



Svida glabrata Heller, Cat. N. Amer. PI. ed. 3. 273. 1914. 



Shrub 1.5-6 m. high, branches bright reddish purple, young twigs nearly or quite glabrous. 

 Leaves lanceolate to ovate or oblong-ovate, 3-6 cm. long, green, sparingly appressed-puberulent 

 on both surfaces, cuneate at base and acute or short-acuminate at apex ; cyme 2-4 cm. broad, the 

 branches reddish brown, glabrous or sparingly appressed-puberulent ; petals strap-shaped, white, 

 4-5 mm. long; drupe globose, white; stone globose or slightly depressed, 4 mm. broad, ob- 

 scurely grooved. 



Moist soils, banks and bottom land. Transition and Upper Sonoran Zones; Klamath, Jackson and Josephine 

 Counties, Oregon, south through the Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada to San Diego County, California. Type 

 locality: San Francisco, California. May-June. 



2. Cornus stolonifera Michx. American Dogwood. Fig. 3640. 



Cornus stolonifera Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 92. 1803. 



Svida stolonifera Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31 : 572. 1904. 



Cornus alba subsp. stolonifera Wangerin, Pflanzenreich 4--'^: 53. 1910. 



Cornus instoloneus A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 53: 224. 1912. 



Cornus californica var. nevadensis Jepson, Man. Fl. PI. Calif. 733. 1925. 



Cornus sericea subsp. stolonifera Fosberg, Bull. Torrey Club 69: 587. 1942. 



Shrub 2-5 m. high, bark of old stems grayish brown, young twigs olive-green becoming 

 reddish purple, glabrous or very sparingly pubescent. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 3-10 cm. 

 long, acute or short-acuminate at apex, obtuse at base, sparingly appressed-puberulent beneath, 

 and sometimes above on the midvein, or sometimes glabrous on both sides ; cyme flat-topped, 

 2.5-5 cm. broad, appressed-puberulent; petals ovate-oblong, white; drupe bluish, globose, 6-8 

 mm. in diameter; stone subglobose, 4-5 mm. in diameter, smooth. 



Moist soils. Boreal Zones; Alaska to Newfoundland south through the P.icific States to the Sierra Nevada, 

 California, and to Nebraska and Virginia. Type locality: Canada and New England. May-July. Red Osier. 



