284 GARRYACEAE 



3. Cornus calif ornica C. A. Mey. Western Red Dogwood. Fig. 3641. 



Cornus sericea var. occidentalis Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1 : 652. 1840. 



Cornus calif ornica C. A. Mey. Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. Phys.-Math. 3: 372. 1845. 



Cornus piibescens Nutt. N. Amer. Sylva 3: 54. 1849. 



Cornus Torreyi S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 145. 1876. 



Cornus occidentalis Coville, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 4: 117. 1893. 



Svida calif ornica Abrams, Bull. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 429. 1910. 



Cornus stolonifera var. californica McMinn, 111. Man. Calif. Shrubs 377. 1939. 



Shrub, with smooth purplish branches, 2-5 m. high. Leaves ovate to oblong-elliptic, acute 

 or somewhat acuminate at apex, shortly cuneate at base, 5-10 cm. long, pale beneath and more 

 or less tomentose-pubescent with loose silky hairs especially on the veins ; cyme spreading, 3-5 

 cm. broad ; drupe grayish white, subglobose ; stone 5 mm. broad, slightly compressed, furrowed 

 on the edges. 



Moist ground, Transition and Upper Sonoran Zones; British Columbia and Idaho to southern California. 

 Type locality: near San Francisco and Fort Ross, California. May-July. Creek Dogwood. 



4. Cornus sessilis Torr. Miners Dogwood. Fig. 3642. 



Cornus sessilis Torr. ex Durand, Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 3: 89. 1855. 

 Svida sessilis Heller, Cat. N. Amer. PI. ed. 3. 273. 1914. 



Shrub or small tree 1.5-4 m. high, with glabrous pale branches becoming red-brown in age. 

 Leaves obovate-elliptic, acute or abruptly short-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, 5-8 cm. long, 

 pale beneath and sparingly appressed-pubescent ; flowers in few-flowered axillary umbels, sub- 

 tended by 4 small caducous bracts ; petals yellowish ; fruiting pedicels 10-12 mm. long, appressed- 

 pubescent ; drupes oblong-ellipsoid, pale greenish yellow when immature, finally purple-black 

 and shining when ripe ; stone 10-12 mm. long. 



Along streams, Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran Zones; Humboldt and Siskiyou Counties to Calaveras 

 County, California. Type locality: Deer Creek, near Nevada City, California. March-April. Blackfruit Dog- 

 wood. 



5. Cornus Nuttallii Audubon. Nuttall's or Mountain Dogwood. Fig. 3643. 



Cornus Nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1 : 652. 1840. 

 Cynoxylon Nuttallii Shafer in Britton, N. Amer. Trees 746. 1908. 



Tree 4-25 m. high, with an obconic or rounded crown, with brownish bark, young twigs 

 greenish, glabrous or appressed-pubescent, soon turning red-brown. Leaves ovate-elliptic to 

 obovate-elliptic, often abruptly acute at apex, 5-10 cm. long, bright green and slightly strigose 

 above, pale and tomentose beneath ; flowers mostly appearing before the leaves ; peduncles stout, 

 2-3 cm. long ; involucral bracts white sometimes tinged with purple, oblong to obovate, 3-5 cm. 

 long, subtending the many-flowered heads ; petals 4, strap-shaped, spreading, greenish yellow ; 

 fruit a spherical head of many bright red drupes, 10-12 mm. long. 



Open forest especially north slopes, Transition Zones; British Columbia and northern Idaho southward west 

 of the Cascade Mountains to southern California. Type locality: Oregon. April-July. 



6. Cornus canadensis L. Dwarf Cornel or Bunch-berry. Fig. 3644. 



Cornus canadensis L. Sp. PI. 117. 1753. 



Cornus unalaschkensis Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2: 378. 1844—46. 



Chamacpericlymenum canadense Aschers. & Grabn. Fl. Nordd. Flachl. 539. 1898. 



Corenella canadensis Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 147. 1906. 



Chamaepericlimenum unalaschkense Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mts. 635, 1065. 1917. 



Rootstock nearly horizontal ; flowering stems herbaceous, woody only at the base, 7-25 cm. 



high. Leaves verticillate at the summit of the stem, or sometimes with 1 or 2 pairs of opposite 



ones below, sessile, 2.5-7 cm, long, oval to obovate, acute at each end, glabrous or strigose; 



peduncles slender, 2-4 cm. long; involucral bracts 4, ovate, 8-18 mm. long, white, subtending 



the solitary head ; petals greenish, ovate, one of them with a subulate appendage ; fruit globose, 



bright red, 6 mm. in diameter. 



Moist woods or swamps. Humid Transition and Canadian Zones; Alaska to Mendocino County, California, 

 east to Newfoundland, New Mexico, Minnesota and New Jersey. Type locality: Canada. May-July. 



Family 111. GARRYACEAE.* 



Silk-tassel Family. 



Evergreen shrubs or small trees with branchlets often somewhat quadrangular 

 and opposite simple entire leaves on short petioles. Flowers dioecious and apetalous, 



Text contributed by Rimo Bacigalupi. 



