216 UMBELLIFERAE 



a compound or simple umbel or rarely a head, the umbels and umbellets usually 

 involucrate or involucellate. Flowers small, epigynous, perfect or often polygamous. 

 Hypanthium completely adnate to the ovary. Sepals usually 5, evident or often 

 obsolete. Petals 5, inserted on the margin of the hypanthium, their tips often in- 

 flexed. Stamens 5, alternate with the petals, inserted on the margin of the epigynous 

 disk; filaments filiform; anthers versatile. Ovary bicarpellate, 2-celled; styles 2, 

 distinct, slender, usually borne on a stylopodium ; ovules 1 in each cell, pendulous, 

 anatropous. Fruit dry, usually ribbed or winged, the two carpels separating at 

 maturity along the plane of their contiguous faces (commissure), either flattened 

 laterally, that is at right angles to the commissure, or dorsally, that is parallel with 

 the commissure, or sometimes terete ; the 2 mericarps attached to a carpophore ; 

 pericarp usually containing oil-tubes between the ribs and on the commissural side. 

 Seed generally adnate to the pericarp ; endosperm cartilaginous ; embryo small. 



About 250 genera and 2,000 species, widely distributed geographically. 



Inflorescence a distinct umbel, more or less spreading, never capitate. 

 Leaves simple; umbels simple or proliferous. 



Ovary and fruit glabrous; foliage glabrous. 



Leaves with a definite ovate to orbicular blade. 1. Hydrocotyle. 



Leaves reduced to hollow cylindrical jointed phyllodes. 2. Lilaeopsis. 



Ovary and fruit covered with stellate hairs; foliage more or less stellate-pubescent. 



3. Bowlesia. 

 Leaves variously compound; umbels irregularly or perfectly compound. 

 Ovary and fruit armed with bristles, spines or tubercles. 



Ovary and fruit variously armed with spines, uncinate bristles or tubercles. 



Plants biennial or perennial; flowers perfect and staminate. 4. Sanicula. 



Plants annual; flowers all perfect. 



Plants glabrous; leaf-divisions more or less elongate, filiform. S. Apiastrum. 

 Plants more or less pubescent; leaf-divisions shorter. 



Involucre of conspicuous foliaceous bracts; leaves 3-4-pinnatisect ; fruit bristly only 



on the ribs. 6. Caucalis. 



Involucre absent or of linear bracts; leaves pinnate to 3-pinnatisect; fruit bristly or 

 tuberculate throughout. 

 Fruit not beaked; bractlets longer than the pedicels. 7. Torilis. 



Fruit beaked; bractlets shorter than the pedicels. 8. Anthriscus. 



Ovary and fruit armed with bristles; bristles never uncinate. 



Fruit linear or linear-oblong, several times longer than broad; oil-tubes absent or obscure. 



Plants annual; fruit with an elongated beak several times longer than the body. 



9. Scandix. 



Plants perennial; fruit not beaked or with a beak much shorter than the body. 



10. Osmorhisa. 



Fruit oblong to oblong-ovoid, not more than twice as long as broad; oil-tubes present. 



Leaves glabrous; fruit armed with unequal subulate bristles. 11. Ammosclinum. 



Leaves more or less pubescent; fruit armed with barbed bristles. 12. Daucus. 

 Ovary and fruit not armed, sometimes pubescent. 



Ribs of the fruit not prominently winged; fruit terete in cross-section or somewhat laterally com- 

 pressed. 

 Flowers white, greenish or pinkish, rarely purple. 



Fruit elongate, several times longer than broad. 10. Osmorhiza. 



Fruit orbicular to oblong, not more than twice as long as broad. 

 Plants annual. 



Petals conspicuously unequal; sepals prominent; fruit subglobose. 



13. Coriandrum. 



Petals equal; sepals absent; fruit ovoid to oblong. 14. Apium. 



Plants perennial or biennial. 



Plants mostly tall, caulescent; involucre usually present. 



Bracts divided into filiform segments, closely reflexed. 



16. Ammi. 



Bracts entire or toothed, spreading or rarely reflexed, sometimes wanting. 



Stems purple-dotted; oil-tubes absent or obscure; leaves decompound 



into small segments. 17. Conium. 



Stems not purple-dotted; oil-tubes present; leaves pinnately or ternate- 



pinnately divided, the segments mostly larger. 



Leaves all once pinnate. 



Ribs filiform, pericarp forming a continuous corky covering; 

 stylopodium conical. 18. Berula. 



Ribs corky, equal; stylopodium depressed. 



19. Slum. 



Leaves pinnately or ternate-pinnately divided or the uppermost 

 once pinnate. 

 Ribs not corky; stylopodium prominent; plants of dry ground 

 or moist meadows. 

 Leaf-divisions few, mostly entire; ribs filiform. 

 Biennials from taproots. 20. Carutn. 



Perennials from tuberous or fusiform fascicled roots. 



21. Perideridia. 



