224 UMBELLIFERAE 



7. TORILIS Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 99, 612. 1763. 



Hispid or pubescent annual herbs with pinnately compound leaves and compound 

 umbels of white flowers. Bracts of the involucre when present few and small ; bractlets 

 several to numerous, narrow. Sepals triangular, acute. Stylopodium thick, conical. Fruit 

 ovoid or oblong, laterally flattened; primary ribs 5, filiform; secondary ribs 4, winged, 

 each bearing a row of barbed or hooked bristles or tubercles ; oil-tubes solitary under the 

 secondary ribs, 2 on the commissural side. [Significance of the name unknown.] 



A genus of about 20 species, natives of the northern hemisphere. Type species, Tordylium Anthriscus L. 

 Umbels sessile or short-pedunculate, capitate, opposite the leaves. 1. T. nodosa. 



Umbels long-pedunculate, spreading, terminal and lateral. 2. T. japonica. 



1. Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn. Knotted Hedge-parsley. Fig. 3483. 



Tordylium nodosum L. Sp. PI. 240. 1753. 



Torilis nodosa Gaertn. Fruct. 1: 82, pi. 20. fig. 6. 1788. 



Stems erect with few branches, retrorsely scabrous. Leaves pinnately decompound; umbels 

 scattered along the stems opposite the leaves on very short peduncles, simple or with supplemen- 

 tary short proliferous umbels ; fruit 3-5 mm. long, the outside of the umbel with the exterior 

 carpel densely covered with hooked bristles, the inner carpel as well as the inner fruits smooth 

 or with tubercles. 



Partial shade, Transition and Upper Sonoran Zones; Oregon to California. Naturalized from Europe. 

 April-June. 



2, Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. Japanese Hedge-parsley. Fig. 3484. 



Tordylium Anthriscus L. Sp. PI. 240. 1753. 



Caucalis japonica Houtt. Nat. Hist. II. 8: 42. pi. 45. fig. 1. \777. 



Torilis Anthriscus Gmel. F. Bad. 1: 615. 1805. Not Gaertn. 1788, nor Bernh. 1800. 



Torilis japonica DC. Prod. 4: 219. 1830. 



Plants hispid throughout. Leaves 1-2-pinnate, the leaflets dentate to incised or divided; 

 peduncles 4-16 cm. long, exceeding the leaves; fruit 1.5-4 mm. long; the pericarp covered 

 throughout with uncinate bristles. 



Transition and Sonoran Zones; Oregon to California. Naturalized from Eurasia. April-July. 



Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 1 : 265. 1821. {Caucalis arvensis Huds. Fl. Angl. 98. 

 1762.) Differs from T. japonica in its usual lack of an involucre, andits longer and straight fruit-bristles. In- 

 troduced from Europe into southwestern Oregon and northwestern California. 



8. ANTHRISCUS Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. 38. 1814. Nomen conservandum. 



Annual or biennial herbs, with ternately or pinnately compound leaves. Flowers white 

 in compound umbels. Involucre usually none; involucel of numerous bractlets. Sepals 

 none or minute. Fruit ovoid to linear, beaked, laterally compressed; ribs and oil-tubes 

 obsolete. Seed-face sulcate. [Ancient Greek name.] 



An Old World genus of about 10 species. Type species, Caucalis Scandix Scop. 



1. Anthriscus scandicina (Weber) Mansfeld. Bur-chervil. Fig. 3485. 



Scandix Anthriscus L. Sp. PI. 257. 1753. 



Caucalts Scandix Scop. Fl. Cam. ed. 2. 1: 191. 1772. 



Caucalis scandicina Weber ex Wiggers, Prim. Fl. Holsat. 23. 1780. 



Anthriscus vulgaris Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 320. 1805. Not A. vulgaris Bernh. 1800. 



Anthriscus scandicina Mansfeld. Rep. Spec. Nov. 46: 309. 1939. 



Annual herbs, more or less hispid throughout, the rather slender stems 4.5-9 dm. high. 

 Leaves pinnately decompound, the stipules densely ciliate ; umbels usually 3-6-rayed ; involucre 

 none or of a single small bract ; bractlets small, lanceolate ; pedicels 2-9 mm. long ; flowers white ; 

 fruit ovoid, 4 mm. long, including the short beak, muricate with short hooked bristles. 



Shaded waste places and banks; western Oregon to central California. Naturalized from Europe. April- 

 June. 



9. SCANDIX [Tourn.] L. Sp. PL 256. 1753. 



Annual herbs with pinnately decompound leaves and white flowers in compound umbels, 

 the umbels sometimes reduced to a single ray. Involucral bracts none or rarely one ; in- 

 volucels of several entire or dissected bractlets. Sepals minute or obsolete. Petals usually 

 unequal, the outer larger. Fruit linear or narrowly oblong, flattened laterally, prolonged 

 into an elongated beak much exceeding the body of the fruit, prominently ribbed ; oil-tubes 

 solitary in the intervals or obsolete. [The ancient Greek name for chervil.] 



An Old World genus of about 10 species. Type species, Scandix Pecten-Veneris L. 



1. Scandix Pecten-Veneris L. Venus'- or Lady's-comb or Shepherd's-needle. 



Fig. 3486. 



Scandix Pecten-Veneris L. Sp. PI. 256. 1753. 



Plants hispid, the stems 15-35 cm. high with ascending branches. Leaves pinnately decom- 



