CARROT FAMILY 231 



1. Conium maculatum L. Poison Hemlock. Fig. 3501. 



Conium maculatum L. Sp. PI. 243. 1753. 



Stems erect, much branched, 5-30 dm. high. Lower and basal leaves petiolate, the upper 



sessile or nearly so, all pinnately dissected; leaf-divisions ovate in outline, thin, the ultimate 



divisions dentate or incised; petioles dilated and sheathing at the base; umbels 2.5-7.5 cm. 



broad; rays slender, 2.5-4 cm. long; pedicels filiform, in fruit 4-6 mm. long; fruit 2-2.5 mm. 



long, its ribs very prominent when dry. 



VVaste places, especially in damp ground, widely distributed in the Pacific States and eastward to the At- 

 lantic seaboard. Naturalized from Europe. May-July. 



18. BERULA Hoffm. ex Bess. Enum. PL Volh. 44. 1822. 



Smooth aquatic perennial herbs with pinnate leaves, variously cut leaflets, and small 

 white fliowers. Sepals minute. Fruit flattened laterally, emarginate at base, glabrous. 

 Stylopodium conical ; carpel nearly globose, with very slender inconspicuous ribs, thick 

 corky pericarp and no strengthening cells. Oil-tubes numerous and contiguous, closely 

 surrounding the seed-cavity. Seed terete. [Latin name of the water-cress.] 



A monotypic genus of the north temperate regions. 



1. Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville. Cut-leaved Water Parsnip. Fig. 3502. 



Stum crectum Huds. Fl. Angl. 103. 1762. 



Slum angustifolium L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 1672. 1763. 



Sium pusillum Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 611. 1840. 



Berula erecta Coville, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 4: 115. 1893. 



Stems erect, 2-8 dm. high, rather stout and much branched. Leaflets 5-9 pairs, oblong and 



subentire to serrate, often laciniate-lobed, sometimes crenate, 1.5-4 cm. long; rays 6-15, 1-2 cm. 



long ; bracts usually conspicuous ; bractlets narrow ; pedicels 2-5 mm. long ; fruit scarcely 2 mm. 



long, the ribs inconspicuous. 



Marshes and streams. Transition and Upper Sonoran Zones; British Columbia south to Lower California 

 and east to Ontario, Illinois and New Mexico; also in Eurasia. Type locality: England. July-Sept. 



19. SIUM L. Sp. PI. 251. 1753. 



Glabrous perennials growing in water or in wet places. Leaves pinnate to pinnately 

 decompound. Involucre and involucels of numerous narrow bracts and bractlets. Sepals 

 minute. Flowers white. Fruit flattened laterally, oval to orbicular, glabrous. Carpel with 

 prominent corky nearly equal ribs. Stylopodium depressed ; styles short. Oil-tubes 1-3 in 

 the intervals. Seeds subterete, with plane face. [Greek name of a marsh plant.] 



About 8 species, natives of the north temperate regions, and South Africa. Type species, Sium latifolium L. 



1. Sium suave Walt. Hemlock Water Parsnip. Fig. 3503. 



Sium suave 'VJaXt. Fl. Car. 115. 1788. 



Sium cicutaefolium Schrank, Baier. Fl. 1: 558. 1789. 



Sium h^terophyllum Greene, Pittonia 2: 102. 1890. 



Stems erect, stout, branched, 6-12 dm. high. Lower leaves long-petiolate, the uppermost 

 subsessile; leaf-divisions of submerged leaves pectinately dissected, the others, linear to lanceo- 

 late, sharply serrate, 1-4 cm. long; rays 10-20, 15-30 mm. long; fruit oval to orbicular, 2-3 mm. 

 long, the ribs prominent. 



Marshes, Canadian to Sonoran Zones; British Columbia to central California, east to Nova Scotia and 

 Florida. July-Aug. 



20. CArUM L. Sp. PI. 263. 1753. 



Slender, caulescent, branching biennials or perennials from taproots. Leaves pinnately 

 dissected, the divisions narrow to filiform. Involucre of a few bracts or wanting. Bract- 

 lets like the bracts. Flowers white. Sepals obsolete ; stylopodium low-conical. Fruit ob- 

 long to oblong-oval, flattened laterally, glabrous; ribs prominent, filiform. Seed-face 

 plane. [Name Latin, probably derived from the country Caria.] 



A Eurasian genus of about 50 species. Type species, Carum Carvi L. 



1. Carum Carvi L. Caraway. Fig. 3504. 



Carum Carvi L. Sp. PI. 263. 1753. 



Glabrous biennials, 3-10 dm. high. Leaves oblong to ovate, 8-15 cm. long, pinnately dissected ; 

 leaf-divisions ovate, laciniately cleft; rays 7-14, unequal, 1-5 cm. long; pedicels 3-13 mm. long; 

 flowers white or rarely rose-colored; fruit oblong-oval, 3-4 mm. long. 



Introduced from Europe, and occurring sporadically throughout the northern United States, from Washing- 

 ton to the Atlantic coast. June-July. 



