356 GENTIANACEAE 



1. Gentiana Newberryi A. Gray. Alpine or Newberry's Gentian. Fig. 3797. 



Gentiana Newberryi A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 84. 1876. 

 Pneumonanthe Newberryi Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1:71. 1904. 

 Dasystephana Newberryi Arth. Torreya 22 : 30. 1922. 



Dwarf alpine, with a perennial taproot and 1 to several more or less decumbent flowering 

 stems, 4-15 cm. high. Basal leaves forming a rosette, spatulate, narrowed to a broad petiole, 

 2-7 cm. long, 4-12 mm. broad, the lower stem-leaves similar but smaller, the upper sessile, 

 oblanceolate to oblong-linear, 10-15 mm. long; flowers solitary, sessile in the axil of the upper- 

 most pair of leaves, or occasionally subtended by 1-3 smaller ones on lateral branches; calyx- 

 tube 8-14 mm. long, the lobes 6-12 mm. long, narrowly oblong-elliptic, acute ; intracalycine 

 membrane entire; corolla broadly funnelform, white within and dotted with greenish spots, the 

 lobes pale blue to deep violet, the tube beneath the lobes often greenish purple or greenish brown, 

 2-3 cm. long, the lobes 5-8 mm. long, narrowly obovate, mucronate, slightly spreading; plaits 

 2-cleft with subulate tips ; style none ; capsule ovoid, 10-12 mm. long ; stipe 8 mm. long ; seeds 

 broadly winged all around. 



Alpine or subalpine meadows. Boreal Zones; Cascade Mountains of southern Oregon south to the Trinity 

 Mountains and the southern Sierra Nevada, California. Type locality: "Crater Pass," Oregon. Aug.-Sept. 



2. Gentiana affinis Griseb, Prairie Gentian. Fig. 3798. 



Gentiana affinis Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 56. 1838. 

 Pneumonanthe affinis Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 71. 1904. 

 Dasystephana affinis Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 149. 1906. 



Stems usually several from the stout perennial root, erect, or somewhat decumbent, 15-45 cm. 

 high. Leaves usually many, on account of the short internodes, the lower ovate-lanceolate, the 

 uppermost linear-lanceolate to linear, 2-3 cm. long ; flowers racemosely disposed, 4-12, the lower 

 on slender ascending branchlets, each flower subtended by a pair of narrowly linear bracts; 

 calyx-lobes, linear, more or less unequal, the longer equaling the tube ; corolla 2-3 cm. long, 

 narrowly funnelform, blue, the lobes 3-5 mm. long, slightly tinged with green on their backs; 

 plaits in the sinuses divided into 2 accuminate teeth about half the length of the corolla-lobes ; 

 capsule 12-15 mm. long; stipe 9-10 mm. long; body of the seed oval and flattened, the wing 

 nearly as broad as the body. 



Meadows and prairies. Transition and Boreal Zones; eastern British Columbia and Saskatchewan south to 

 northeastern Washington (Spokane County), Idaho, eastern Nevada, Utah, and Colorado. Type locality: "Carlton 

 House to Edmonton House." Collected by Drummond. Trappers Gentian. June-Sept. 



Gentiana affinis var. parvidentita Kusnezow, Act. Hort. Petrop. IS: 201. 1898. Differs from the typical 

 species mainly in the calyx-lobes, which are much-reduced, 2 of them usually about 2 mm. long, the others reduced 

 to mere mucronations. This variety occurs in eastern Oregon from Union County to Klamath County and to 

 Modoc County, California; eastward of this it merges into the variety Forwoodii (A. Gray) Kusnezow, a form 

 with the calyx-lobes obsolete. Type locality: not given. 



3. Gentiana oregana Engelm. Oregon Gentian. Fig. 3799. 



Gentiana affinis var. ovata A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1 : 412. 1876. 



Gentiana oregana Engelm. ex A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2^: 122. 1878. 



Dasystephana oregana Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40: 464. 1913. 



Stems erect or slightly decumbent at base, rather stout, usually several from a stout perennial 

 root, simple or with a few short branchlets above. Leaves ovate or oblong, 2-A cm. long; 

 flowers few at the summit, or several and racemosely disposed, sessile ; bracts ovate to oblong- 

 lanceolate; calyx-lobes oblong to oblong-lanceolate, subequal, 8-12 mm. long; corolla broadly 

 funnelform, 3-4 cm. long, blue, the lobes round-ovate, 6-10 mm. long, often tinged or dotted 

 with green on the back; plaits in the sinuses lobed and laciniate-dentate, about two-thirds the 

 length of the corolla-lobes; capsule 25-35 mm. long, fusiform; stipe about 15 mm. long; seed 

 broadly winged all around. 



Meadows and open woods, Transition and Canadian Zones; eastern British Columbia and western Idaho, 

 south through eastern Washington and eastern Oregon to northeastern California; also along the coast from 

 Curry County, Oregon, to Marin County, California. The coastal form is the plant Gray described as G. affinis 

 var. ovata. It differs slightly from typical G. oregana, possibly enough to merit varietal recognition. Type locality: 

 Blue Mountains, Oregon. June-Sept. 



4. Gentiana sceptrum Griseb. Scepter or King's Gentian. Fig. 3800. 



Gentiana sceptrum Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 59. pt. 145. 1838. 



Gentiana Menzicsii Griseb., loc. cit. 



Gentiana Orfordii Howell, Fl. N.W. Amer. 446. 1901. 



Pneumonanthe sceptrum Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 71. 1904. 



Stems erect, solitary or few from a short stout perennial rootstock, 5-12 dm. high. Leaves 

 lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, rarely ovate-lanceolate, 2-8 cm. long, the lowest reduced to 

 connate bracts ; flowers usually several, racemosely disposed, some of the flowers with bracts 

 closely subtending the calyx, others without bracts and therefore pedicelled ; calyx-lobes 

 lanceolate, 8-15 mm. long, the tube 10-12 mm. long; corolla blue, often with green dots within, 

 3-4 cm. long, the tube broadly funnelform, the lobes about 8 mm. long, rounded, the plaits with 

 low rounded or truncate entire summits; anthers 6-7 mm. long; capsule 17-20 mm. long, fusi- 

 form or narrowly ellipsoid; stipe stout, 10-12 mm. long; seeds about 1.5 mm. long, the ends 

 with narrow terminal wings about as long as the body. 



Wet meadows and bogs; Humid Transition Zone; Vancouver Island, British Columbia, western Washington 



