342 PRIMULACEAE 



or oblong-obovate, 2.5-4 cm. long, rather abruptly tapering to a petiole usually of about equal 

 length, the margins often crisped, entire or glandular-denticulate ; scrape 2-4 dm. high, glabrous, 

 or the' upper part and the pedicels sometimes obscurely glandular-puberulent ; umbels 2-12-flow- 

 ered; flowers 5-merous; the lobes 12-20 mm. long, 4-8 mm. broad, purple with a band of 

 yellow at base edged with white, the tube with a dark black-purple band; filaments united into 

 a tube 2 mm. long, black-purple; anthers 4-5 mm. long, linear, acutish at apex forming a 

 slender pointed "bill," the connectives dark purple ; capsule cylindric or ovoid-cylindric, glabrous, 

 circumscissile near the apex then splitting into valves. 



Slopes especially in open woods, Upper Sonoran and Transition Zones; British Columbia to central Califor- 

 nia on the Pacific Slope, east to eastern Washington, Idaho and eastern Oregon. Type locality: Tualatin Plains, 

 Washington County, Oregon. March-May. Mosquito Bills. 



Dodecatheon Hendersonii var. cruciatum Greene, Pittonia 2: 75. 1890. (D. crticiatum Greene, Pittonia 

 1- 213 1888 ) Leaves mostly smaller, the blades seldom over 25 mm. wide, usually sparingly and minutely 

 denticulate; pedicels and upper part of scape sparsely glandular-puberulent; flowers 4-merous. This is the most 

 common form of the species in the Coast Ranges of central California, and occurs commonly on wooded slopes in 

 the Upper Sonoran Zone. Type locality: "about San Francisco, extending southward to Monterey, perhaps 

 Santa Barbara, and eastward to Mt. Diablo." 



Dodecatheon Hendersonii var. Hansenii Greene, Erythea 3: 71. 1895. Plants glabrous throughout; leaves 

 of firm texture, ovate to oval, entire; flowers S-merous; anthers shorter and less tapering at the apex, ihis is 

 the common form of the species in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. Intermediate forms occur »n the northern 

 Inner Coast Ranges, California. Type locality: Amador County. 



10. Dodecatheon patulum Greene. Lowland Shooting Star. Fig. 3772. 



Dodecatheon patulum Greene, Pittonia 1: 211. 1888. 

 Meadia patulum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 398. 1891. 



Plants with a short rootcrown, the roots fibrous-fleshy. Leaves rosulate, depressed, 2-5 cm. 

 long, spatulate-oblanceolate to elliptic, narrowed below to a broad petiole, somewhat fleshy, 

 the margins either obscurely or not at ail crisped ; scapes usually stout, 8-12 cm. high or rarely 

 higher, glabrous below, sparsely and minutely glandular above; pedicels, calyces and ovaries 

 rather sparselv glandular-puberulent ; flowers usually 5-merous, but varying from 4-6-merous ; 

 the lobes 15-20 mm. long, mostly pale cream-colored, the base dark velvety purple with an outer 

 circle of yellow; filaments connate into a tube, covered with undulating transverse folds dark 

 purple at base, yellow at base of anthers; anthers blue-purple with blue-purple sacs and con- 

 nectives, scarcely 2 mm. long, linear-oblong, broad and retuse at apex, becoming recurved, 

 capsule short-oblong or subglobose, circumscissile. 



Low moist, usually alkaline soil, or serpentine outcrops, Sonoran Zones; Sacramento and San Joaquin 

 Valleys and the Inner Coast Range valleys of central California. Type locality: lower Saicramento Valley, also 

 alkaline soil along streams at the eastern side of Livermore Valley, California. Jan.-Apnl. 



Dodecatheon patulum var. bcmalinum Greene, Erythea 3: 72. 1895. {Dodecatheon patulum var. gracile 

 Greene, Erythea 3: 72. 1895.) Scapes, bracts, pedicels and calyx glandular-puberulent; scapes usually a little 

 taller than those of the typical species; corolla-lobes usually rose-pink, rarely white, with dark purple base; sta- 

 mens as in the species. This variety, in general pubescence and general habtt, approaches Dodecatheon Uevelandti 

 but the anthers both in size, shape and color markings, more clearly resemble those of typical D. patulum. Moist 

 ground, usually on serpentine outcrops, San Francisco Peninsula from north Santa Clara County to ban l-ran- 

 cisco. Type locality: Bernal Heights, San Francisco. 



11. Dodecatheon Clevelandii Greene. Padres' Shooting Star. Fig. 3773. 



Dodecatheon Clevelandii Greene, Pittonia 1: 213. 1888. 

 Meadia Clevelandii Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 398. 1891. 



Roots mostly fibrous with a few fleshy-fibrous ; plants minutely glandular-puberulent on the 

 scapes and pedicels. Leaves rosulate, 3-7 cm. long including the winged petiole ; the blade nar- 

 rowly elliptic to elliptic-ovate, narrowed to the winged petiole usually of about equal length, 

 usually crisped on the margin, rarely toothed; scapes 20-40 cm. hich; umbels few-to-many- 

 flowered ; flowers 5-merous ; corolla varying in color from rose to white but commonly with a 

 dark purple center, a band of yellow or white above and light rose toward tips of the lobes; 

 filaments purple, smooth below, wrinkled above; anthers 4-5 mm. long with purple pollen- 

 sacs and a strongly wrinkled cream-colored connective, the filament-tube dark purple. 



Grassy slopes. Upper Sonoran Zone; cismontane southern California from Santa B.-irbara south to San 

 Diego County and adjacent Lower California. Type locality: "about San Diego and San Bernardino. Jan.- 

 March. 



Dodecatheon Clevelandii subsp. sanctarum (Greene) Abrams. (Dodecatheon sanctarum Greene, Pittonia 

 5- 113 1903.) Like the typical species in habit and floral characters except the colors of the stamens are re- 

 versed, the connective being dark purple and the pollen-sacs pale or cream-colored. This variety ranges from 

 Monterey Peninsula south through the Coast Ranges to northern Santa Barbara County, and on Santa Cruz. Ana- 

 capa, Santa Catalina, and San Clemente Islands. In the Inner Coast Ranges forms described by Greene as 

 Dodecatheon lactiflorum (Pittonia 5: 112. 1903) occur that suggest intergradation between this variety and 

 Dodecatheon patulum Greene. Type locality: Santa Lucia Mountains, Monterey County, California. 



12. SAMOLUS [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 171. 1753. 



Perennial glabrous herbs, with alternate leaves and small white flowers in terminal 

 racemes or panicles. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary below, its limb 5-cleft and persistent. 

 Corolla perigvnous, 5-lobed or 5-parted, the lobes imbricate. Stamen? 5, inserted on the 

 corolla-tube opposite the lobes and alternating with as many staminodia; filaments short; 

 anthers cordate. Ovary partly inferior; ovules numerous, amphitropous. Capsule globose 

 or ovoid, 5-valved at the summit; seeds numerous, minute. [Ancient Celtic name.] 



A genus of about 10 species, of wide geographical distribution in all continents. Type species, Samolus 

 Valerandii L. 



