440 POLEMONIACEAE 



filaments 2 times anthers, equal to subequal ; style included ; capsule triangular to ellipsoid, 4-5 

 rnm. long, 2-2.5 mm. wide, the style-base persistent, the valves campanulately spreading at the 

 tip on dehiscence ; seeds solitary in the locules, linear with a wing-like tip at one end, developing 

 mucilage when wet. 



Mount Hamilton Range, California, east face of the Santa Cruz Mountains in Santa Clara County, California, 

 north to Lake County and south to San Benito County, California. Type locality: Black Mountain, Santa Clara 

 County, California. July. 



7. NAVARRETIA Ruiz & Pavon, Fl. Peruv. Prod. 20. 1794. 



Erect, spreading, or prostrate annuals, 1-30 cm. high with rigid stems, simple or 

 divaricately branched, occasionally with several branches proliferating from beneath 

 terminal heads; herbage often reddish-tinged, glandular-puberulent to villous, never 

 arachnoid-floccose. Leaves alternate, entire to pinnately or palmately toothed, cleft or 

 lobed, becoming bracteate above, acerose or spinose-tipped ; lobes of leaves and bracts often 

 proliferating, or supplemented by extra lobes arising at base or from back of rachis. 

 Bracts usually with broadened coriaceous rachis, the inner bracts reduced. Flowers sessile 

 to subsessile in densely bracted, spiny heads. Calyx cleft to base into unequal, entire or 

 toothed, usually acerose lobes which are sometimes reduced to a single vein, united in 

 sinuses in lower one-fourth to three-fourths by a scarious membrane, herein called the 

 sinus-membrane, to form a pseudotube which is ruptured by the growing capsule. Corolla 

 funnelform or salverform, white, yellow, blue, violet or pink, 5-merous or rarely 4-merous, 

 4-19 mm. long, with tube 1-10 mm. Stamens equally to unequally inserted in throat or in 

 sinuses of corolla-lobes, included or exserted ; filaments glabrous at base. Stigma entire, 

 or 2-3-lobed, included or exserted. Capsule ovoid or obovoid, 1-3-celled, 3-8-valved, with 

 regular or irregular dehiscence, usually breaking away circumscissilely about the base 

 and thence splitting into valves from the base upward, or, less commonly, breaking irregu- 

 larly when wetted, splitting from the tip in only 1 species. Seeds brown, minutely pitted, 

 ovoid, or irregularly angled, 1 to many in each cell. [Named in honor of Fr. Ferdinand 

 Navarrete, a Spanish physician.] 



A genus of 30 species of which 29 occur in western North America from southern British Columbia to Lower 

 California, east to North Dakota and New Mexico; and 1 in Chile and Argentina. Type species, Navarrctia invo- 

 lucrata Ruiz & Pavon. 



Capsule at length thin-membranous, the walls disintegrating on dehiscence, not splitting into discrete valves but 

 sometimes irregularly circumscissile. (See also A^. peninsularis.) 

 Lobes of the foliaceous bracts soft-herbaceous when fresh, only those within the heads stiff and acerose; rachis 

 of bracts little expanded at base but often membranous-edged; membrane in the sinuses of the calyx- 

 lobes truncate across top and densely ciliate, giving the appearance of a ring of hairs within the calyx. 



Stamens inserted about midway on the corolla-throat; corolla white or cream-colored; plants erect, cespi- 

 tose or decumbent. 



Bracts highly dissected, usually some lobes proliferating from the back; corolla 7-10 mm. long; 



plants erect or corymbosely spreading, rarely becoming prostrate. 1. A^. leucocephala. 

 Bracts pinnately lobed, the lobes all marginal or submarginal, terminal lobe often greatly exceeding 

 lateral lobes; corolla 4-6 mm. long; plants cespitose or decumbently spreading. 



2. N. minima. 

 Stamens inserted in or immediately below the sinuses of the corolla-lobes; corolla blue to purple or white; 

 plants prostrate or decumbent, rarely erect. 



Bracts within the heads pinnately lobed or dissected, occasionally with only a few short lobes pro- 

 liferating from the base; foliaceous bracts 1-2 times the head; corolla 5-6 mm. long. 

 Stems 0.2-0.6 mm. in diameter; heads 2-15-flowered; spongy cortex of the hypocotyl 2-4 times 

 as thick as the vascular cylinder. 3. A', pauciflora. 



Stems 0.9-1.5 mm. in diameter; heads 20-50-flowered; spongy cortex of the hypocotyl equal 

 to or thinner than vascular cylinder. 



Plant with prostrate habit; flowers blue. 4. A^. plieantha. 



Plant not prostrate, but erect or spreading; flowers white. 5. N. Bakeri. 



Bracts within the heads pinnately toothed, rarely somewhat lobed; foliaceous bracts 2-5 times the 

 head; branches prostrate, proliferating radiately from below the terminal, usually acaulescent 

 head; corolla 7-10 mm. long. 6. A^. prostrate. 



Lobes of the bracts subtending the inflorescence rigidly acerose; rachis of bracts usually coriaceous, expanded, 

 often broadly oblong or ovate, scutelliform at base; membrane in the sinuses of the calyx-lobes not 

 truncate; if a ring of hairs in the calyx, these on the calyx-lobes also. 

 Stigma 2-cleft; calyx-lobes with a tuft of hairs within at the junction with the sinus-membrane. 



Bracts 7-20 mm. long, coarsely shaggy white-pilose; corolla exceeding the calyx; west of the Cas- 

 cades and the Sierra Nevada. 7. A'^. iutertexta. 

 Bracts 5-10 mm. long, pilose; corolla subequaling the calyx; east of the crest of the Cascades and the 

 Sierra Nevada. 8. N. propinqua. 

 Stigma 3-cleft; calyx-lobes hairy or glabrous within. 



Anthers on long filaments, exserted from the throat; corolla 10-12 mm. long; calyx not hairy within, 



lobes toothed or lobed, densely pilose. 9. A'^. tagetina. 



Anthers included, each on a short filament; corolla about 5 mm. long; calyx-lobes simple, puberulent, 

 with a tuft of hairs at the junction with the narrow membrane. 10. A'', subuligera. 



Capsule walls thicker, regularly dehiscent from the base upward, except N. peninsularis. 

 Capsule 1-celled, rarely incompletely 2-celled; stigma 2-lobed. 



Corolla typically 4-merous, yellow; stamens inserted in the sinuses of the petals. 



„ ,, . 11. N. cotnlae folia. 



Corolla 5-merous, stamens inserted on the throat of corolla. 



Stamens inserted on upper half of throat; capsule 1-8-seeded. 



