MILKWEED FAMILY 373 



circle of 5 fleshy scales adnata to the base of the short stamen-column. Anther-sacs 

 tipped by a scarious inflexed appendage at apex ; pollen-masses solitary in each anther- 

 sac, pendulous. Seeds compressed, with a conspicuous coma. [Name from the Latin 

 words funis, rope, and astrum, star, in reference to the character of the stem and flowers.] 



A genus of about 40 species, natives of the southwestern United States, Florida, Mexico, Central and 

 South America. Type species, Funastrum a7igiistissimum (Anderss.) Fourn. 



Plants nearly or quite glabrous; flowers purplish; scales of the inner crown globose-ovoid, broader than long, 

 free from the annular crown; fruiting follicle solitary, perpendicular to the pedicel. 1. F. heterophyllum. 



Plants densely hirsutulous; flowers greenish yellow; scales of the inner crown oblong-ovoid, distinctly longer 

 than broad, adnate at base to the outer annular crown; fruiting follicles usually in pairs, diverging at right 

 angles to the pedicel. 2. F. hirtellum. 



1. Funastrum heterophyllum (Engelm.) Standley. Climbing Milkweed or 



Townula. Fig. 3833. 



Sarcostetnma heterophyllum Engelm. Pacif. R. Rep. S: 362. 1857. 

 Philibertia linearis var. heterophylla A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2^: 88. 1878. 

 Philibertella Hartwegii var. heterophylla Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 308. 1897. 

 Funastrum heterophyllum Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 23: 1170. 1924. 

 Philibertia heterophylla Jepson, Man. Fl. PI. Calif. 770. 1925. 



Stems slender, twining freely over low shrubs, 5-25 dm. long, herbage very thinly strigose- 

 hirsutulose. Leaves short-petioled, narrowly linear to linear-lanceolate, L5-5 cm. long, 1-10 

 mm. broad, the broadest often subhastate at base ; peduncles 1-4 cm. long ; umbels few- to 

 many-flowered ; rays 5-12 mm. long, subtended by several subulate bracts ; corolla-lobes purplish 

 especially on the back, ovate, 5-6 mm. long puberulent; follicles long-attenuate, 7-10 cm. long, 

 thinly puberulent or glabrous, usually only one maturing and remaining perpendicular to the 

 pedicel ; seed 5 mm. long, papillose-roughened. 



Dry slopes, mesas and bajadas, Upper and Lower Sonoran Zones; interior valleys of southern California, 

 from Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties, south to Lower California, east through the Colorado Desert 

 to southern Utah, Arizona, and Sonora. Type locality: "Near Fort Yuma." April-Aug. 



2. Funastrum hirtellum (A. Gray) Schlechter. Trailing Townula. Fig. 3834. 



Sarcostemma heterophyllum var. hirtellum A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1 : 478. 1876. 

 Philibertia linearis var. hirtella A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2^ : 88. 1878. 

 Philibertella hirtella Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 309. 1897. 

 Philibertia hirtella Parish, Muhlenbergia 3: 126. 1907. 

 Funastrum hirtellum Schlechter, Rep. Spec. Nov. 13: 286. 1914. 



Stems very slender, 1-3 m. long, trailing on the ground or sometimes climbing over low 

 shrubs, densely hirsutulose. Leaves less variable than in the preceding, narrowly linear to nar- 

 rowly linear-lanceolate, 1.5-4 cm. long, 1-4 mm. broad, acute to obtuse at base, never hastate; 

 peduncles and umbels as in the preceding species ; corolla greenish yellow, the lobes ovate, 4-5 

 mm. long, puberulent; follicles 3^ cm. long, densely puberulent and cinereous, both usually 

 maturing, soon strongly diverging and forming a right angle to the pedicel. 



Desert washes and canyons. Lower Sonoran Zone; Death Valley and eastern Mojave Desert, south to 

 the Colorado Desert, California, east to southern Nevada, and Arizona. Type locality: Fort Mohave, Arizona. 

 March-May. 



3. GONOLOBUS Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 119. 1803. 



Perennial herbs or shrubs, with slender usually scandent stems, and opposite usually 

 cordate, petioled leaves. Flowers in axillary, pedunculate, cyme-like fascicles or umbels, 

 5-merous. Calyx deeply 5-cleft or 5-parted, glandular within. Corolla green, brown or 

 nearly black, rotate, 5-parted, the tube very short, the lobes convolute in the bud. Crown 

 adnate to the corolla-tube, annular or cup-shaped, entire or lobed. Stamens with connate 

 filaments forming a tube, inserted on the base of the corolla ; anthers tipped with a small 

 scarious inflexed membrane, the sacs usually more or less transversely dehiscent; pollen- 

 masses solitary in each sac, horizontal. Stigma flat-topped. Follicles thick, acuminate, 

 smooth, angled or tuberculate. Seeds compressed, with conspicuous coma. [Name Greek, 

 meaning angle and pod.] 



A genus of about 75 species, native of the warm temperate and tropical regions of North and South America. 

 Type species, Gonolobus gonocarpos (Walt.) Perry. 



1. Gonolobus parvifolius Torr. Spearleaf or Talayote. Fig. 3835. 



Gonolobus parvifolius Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 166. 1859. 

 Lachnostoma hastulatum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. U: 87. 1876. 

 Gonolobus hastutatus A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 78. 1876. 

 Vincetoxicum hastulatttm Heller, Muhlenbergia 1 : 2. 1900. 

 Vincetoxicum parvifotium Heller, op. cit. 



Gonolobus californicus Jepson, Man. Fl. PI. Calif. 771. 1925. 

 Matelca parvifolia Woodson, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 28: 230. 1941. 



Sufifrutescent, more or less twining, 1-4 dm. high, the stems puberulent with minute recurved 

 hairs. Leaves cordate-sagittate, 5-20 mm. long, short-petioled, sparsely strigose with incurved 

 hairs; flowers solitary or rarely two in the axils, short-pedicelled; calyx-lobes 1.5 mm. long; 



