416 POLEMONIACEAE 



very short, with or without a pseudotube, sometimes the margins of the free lobes with a 

 hyaline border. Corolla from campanulate, or short-funnelform to almost salverform 

 with a long slender tube, and a short ample throat, though never strictly salverform, 

 pubescent or glabrous within and without, sometimes the hairs aggregated into definite 

 bands within the tube and occasionally on the throat. Stamens equally inserted on the 

 throat, rarely on the tube; filaments equal in length, rarely unequal, glabrous or hairy 

 at the base, included or exserted. Pistil from short and included in the tube to very long- 

 exserted, stigma 3-lobed. Capsule from ellipsoid to oblong-cylindrical ; locules adhering 

 at base on dehiscence and campanulately spreading, 1- to several-seeded. Seeds very 

 unlike in their reaction to water, some producing spiracles, some mucilage and others 

 unaffected. [Name Greek, meaning flax and flower, in allusion to the resemblance of 

 some of the flowers to those of flax.] 



About 35 species from southern British Columbia to Texas and northern Mexico, including Guadalupe, 

 Cedros, and Soccorro Islands; also in Chile. Type species, Linanthus dichotomus Benth. 



Calyx with a conspicuous hyaline membrane in the sinuses of the lobes often forming a pseudotube super- 

 imposed above the herbaceous tube or in lieu of the herbaceous calyx-tube, or the membrane only on 

 the margins of the lobes, the lobes then free. 

 Flowers terminal on slender pedicels or scattered in the axils of leaves or branches. 



Inflorescence variously cymose; if dichotomous, then the flowers on long slender pedicels; flowering not 

 vespertine, i.e., not opening in the evening. 

 Corolla barely exceeding the calyx, glabrous within; filaments glabrous. 



Ovules 1 to each locule; high montane. 1. L. Harknessii. 



Ovules 2-3 to each locule; foothills. 2. L. pygmaeus. 



Corolla 2-5 times calyx with a hairy ring within or the filaments hairy at the base. 



Filaments hairy at the base or the corolla hairy within at the point of insertion of the stamens. 

 Corolla 2-4 mm. long; hairs usually on throat at point of insertion of stamens, rarely 

 on the base of the filaments; stems erect, branched above base; Great Basin and 

 bordering mountain slopes. 3. L. septentrionalis. 



Corolla 4-15 mm. long, hairs on the base of the filaments. 



Stems simple below, branched above; corolla 6-15 mm. long; widespread; north 



Great Basin to southern California. 4. L. liniflorus. 



Stems diffusely trichotomous from base; corolla 4-7 mm. lonp; rolling plains and 



foothills of the Sierra Nevada and North Coast Ranges, California. 



5. L. filipes. 

 Filaments glabrous; the hairy ring of the corolla on the tube below the point of insertion of 



the stamens. 

 Stamens inserted in or just below the sinuses of the corolla-lobes. 



Corolla yellow or rarely white, the tube included in the calyx; southern California. 

 Flowers in glomerules, subsessile or sessile; corolla cream-yellow. 



6. L. Lemmonii. 

 Flowers in open cymes, pedicelled; corolla golden-yellow (or white in subsp. 



decora). 7. L. aureus. 



Corolla pink, blue, lilac, or white, sometimes bicolored or tricolored, the tube exserted 

 or included. 



Corolla 6-10 mm. long; filaments 1-2 times the anthers; Sierra Nevada and 

 North Coast Ranges to Washington. 8. L. Bakeri. 



Corolla 10-15 mm. long, filaments much longer than anthers; Mount Hamilton 

 to San Benito County, California. 9. L. ambtguus. 



Stamens inserted on the throat considerably below the sinuses of the corolla-lobes. 



Corolla-tube usually exserted; stamens inserted near the base of the throat; Lake and 

 Mendocino Counties to Trinity County, California. 



10. L. Rattanii. 



Corolla-tube and often the base of the throat included; stamens inserted near middle 

 of the throat; Lake and Mendocino Counties to Mount Diablo, California. 



11. L. Bolanderi. 



Inflorescence a regular dichotomous cyme, the flowers sessile or subsessile at the ends of the branches 

 or in the forks of the cyme; flowering vespertine, i.e., opening in the evening and closing in the 

 morning (except a subsp. of L. dichotomus). 



Calyx glabrous; plants 5-30 cm. high; testa of the seed bladdery hyaline and membranous at least 

 on the angles; seed ellipsoid, depression at the hylum inconspicuous; corolla white with a 

 brownish tint on the back or pure white, rarely yellow; deserts and foothills of the Great 

 Valley, California. 



Filaments of the stamens with a hairy pad at the base; leaves palmately divided; corolla- 

 limb 2-3 cm. broad in anthesis. 12. L. dichotomus. 



Filaments of the stamens glabrous throughout; leaves simple, rarely with 2 or 3 lobes; 

 corolla-limb rarely over 1.5 cm. broad in anthesis. 13. L. Bigelovii. 



Calyx pubescent; plants 2-10 cm. high; testa of the seed not bladdery nor hyaline, closely invest- 

 ing the seed; seed reniform or subreniforra, deeply constricted at the hylum; corolla com- 

 monly yellow; southwestern deserts. 



Leaves simple; calyx glandular-pubescent externally; stamens inserted on corolla-tube. 



14. L. Jonesii. 



Leaves 3-lobed or rarely simple; calyx glabrous externally, the lobes pilose or villose within; 

 stamens inserted at the base of the corolla-throat. 15. L. arenicola. 



Flowers aggregated into heads or geminate in small clusters. 



Corolla campanulate to short-funnelform, the tube rarely equaling the throat. 



Petals with a process or fold at the base, blue, white, or yellow; internodes short, usually con- 

 cealed by the leaves. 16. L. Parryae. 

 Petals without processes or folds; internodes often very long, not usually concealed by leaves. 

 Calyx-lobes united by their bordering membranes to form a pseudotube. 



Membranes of the calyx-lobes united only below, bordering the free lobes above; flowers 

 pink to lilac or rose, rarely white; internodes very long. 



Filaments of the anthers glabrous below; flowers sessile; leaves 3-cleft, 2-3 mm. long. 



17. L. bellus. 



