532 BORAGINACEAE 



spicuously dilated and overlapping to form a bulbous base to the stem ; cymes few, the pedicels 

 usually ascending, commonly 1-3 cm. long in fruit ; calyx-lobes oblong, mostly obtuse, 2-3 mm. 

 long; corolla campanulate and more or less funnelform, 6-9 mm. long, the lobes oval, 2-3 mm. 

 long; anthers oblong, 1 mm. or less long; capsule oblong-ovoid, 4-7 mm. long; seeds 1-1.5 mm. 

 long. 



Wet rocks. Boreal Zones; mountains of Washington, Oregon, and northern California, north to Alaska and 

 the Aleutian Islands and east to Alberta and Montana. Type locality : Sitka, Alaska. June-Sept. 



Family 132. BORAGINACEAE.* 

 Borage Family. 



Herbs, shrubs, or some tropical species trees. Leaves simple, alternate, or rarely 

 opposite or whorled, commonly entire and pubescent, hispid or setose. Flowers 

 perfect and usually regular, in one-sided scorpioid spikes, racemes, cymes or scat- 

 tered. Calyx commonly 5-lobed or 5-parted, usually persistent, the lobes valvate. 

 Corolla sympetalous, regular or rarely more or less irregular, 5-lobed, sometimes 

 crested or appendaged in the throat. Stamens as many as corolla-lobes and alternate 

 with them, inserted on the tube or throat of the corolla and usually included. Ovary 

 superior, of two 2-ovuled carpels, entire or the carpels commonly deeply 2-lobed, 

 making it appear as of four 1-ovuled carpels; style simple, entire or 2-cleft; ovules 

 anatropous or amphitropous. Fruit mostly of four 1 -seeded nutlets or rarely of two 

 2-seeded carpels. Endosperm none ; embryo straight or curved. 



A family of about 9S genera and 1,800 species, of world-wide distribution, but with one of the principal 

 centers of distribution in southwestern United States. 



Style deeply 2-cleft or 2-parted, each branch with a capitate stigma. (Ehretioideae.) 1. Coldenia. 



Style entire, with a simple or obscurely lobed stigma. 



Ovary undivided, shallowly lobed, the style borne on its summit; stigma annular-peltate. (HeUotropioideae.) 

 Fruit 2-lobed, each lobe splitting into 2 nutlets; stigma capped by a tuft of bristles; annuals, with 

 solitary axillary flowers. 2. Euploca. 



Fruit not lobed, splitting into 4 nutlets; stigma discoid, naked; flowers in scorpioid spikes; perennials. 



3. Heliotropiiim. 



Ovary 4-parted; style borne on the gynobase and arising between the lobes. (.Boraginoideae.) 

 Calyx not armed with prickles and not becoming bur-like in fruit. 



Nutlets widely spreading in fruit, armed with barbed or hooked prickles. (Cynoglosseae.) 



Nutlets flat, armed on the margins with hooked bristles; slender annuals; corolla white. 



4. Pectocarya. 



Nutlets subglobose, armed all over with barbed prickles; perennials; corolla usually blue. 



5. Cynoglossum. 



Nutlets erect, not armed with prickles, except in Lappula and Hackelia, or minutely so in some 

 species of Allocarya. 

 Attachment of nutlet surrounded by a tumid annular rim, strongly convex and leaving a pit 

 upon the flat or low-convex receptacle. (Anchuseae.) 

 Stamens appendaged dorsally, closely crowded around the style; corolla rotate. 



6. Borago. 

 Stamens unappendaged, included within the tubular corolla. 



Corolla tubular-campanulate, throat campanulate-dilated, lobes short, erect or re- 

 curved at apex. 7. Symphytum. 

 Corolla funnelform or salverform, lobes usually elongated and spreading. 



Corolla-tube bent near the middle, limb slightly irregular and oblique. 



8. Lycopsis. 



Corolla-tube straight, limb regular and not oblique. 9. Anchusa. 



Attachment of nutlet not surrounded by a rim and not leaving a pit on the receptacle. 



Receptacle flat or merely convex; nutlets attached by the base. (Lithospermeae.) 



Flowers blue or white. 



Corolla salverform, the lobes rounded and spreading. 10. Myosotis. 



Corolla tubular or funnelform, the lobes erect or nearly so. 



11. Mertensia. 



Flowers yellow, bracteate; corolla-tube cylindrical, the lobes spreading. 



12. Lithospermum. 



Receptacle conical or elongated, to which the nutlets are attached more or less laterally. 

 iEritrichieae.) 

 Fruiting calyx not greatly enlarged and membranous. 



Nutlets conspicuously armed with armed prickles, and also sometimes dorsally. 



Annuals; pedicels erect in fruit; gynobase subulate. 



13. Lappula. 



Perennials or biennials; pedicels recurved in fruit; gynobase broadly 

 pyramidal. 14. Hackelia. 



Nutlets not armed with conspicuous prickles. 



Corolla white or blue, at least not bright yellow or orange, the throat usually 

 crested. 



Corolla bright blue; low depresssed perennials. 



15. Eritrichium. 



* In the concept of the species, especially in Allocarya and Cryptantha, the author has followed fairly closely 

 the monographic treatment of Dr. I. M. Johnston. 



