BORAGE FAMILY 535 



the base of the petiole or on the opposite side of the stem, 2-4 mm. long; calyx-lobes linear- 

 lanceolate, attenuate above the nutlets ; corolla white, fragrant, densely appressed-hispid ex- 

 teriorly, the tube 5-8 mm. long, the limb 8-10 mm. broad ; nutlets smooth and glabrous, 2 mm. 



Ooen sandy desert playas and hills, Lower Sonoran Zone; eastern Mojave Desert, San Bernardino Coun^ 

 and Srn Colorado Desert, Riverside County, California, east to adjacent Arizona. Type locality: Amboy. 

 Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County. April-May. 



3. HELI0TR6PIUM [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 130. 1753. 



Herbs or shrubs with alternate mostly entire petioled leaves. Flowers small, usually 

 in terminal scorpioid spikes or racemes, or rarely scattered. Calyx-lobes 5, parrow. 

 Corolla blue or white, commonly funnelform ; lobes 5, imbricated or induplicate, inflexed 

 at the tip. Stamens 5, included ; filaments adnate to the corolla-tube ; anther-sacs some- 

 times appendaged at the tip. Ovary 4-celled or 2-cdled and with 2 more or less intruding 

 placentae; styles united. Ovules entire or 2-4-grooved, pendulous with lateral attach- 

 ments. Fruit 4-grooved or 4-lobed, or sometimes didymous but separating into 4 nutlets. 

 [Name Greek, meaning sun-turning, in reference to the summer solstice, when the first- 

 described species was supposed to bloom.] 



About 125 species, widely distributed in warm-temperate and tropical regions. Type species, Heliotropium 

 europaeum L. 



1. Heliotropium curassavicum L. Seaside Heliotrope. Fig. 4167. 



Heliotropium curassavicum L. Sp. PI. 130. 17S3. 



Annual or short-lived perennial, fleshy, glaucous, glabrous throughout; stems diffusely 

 branching, 1-6 dm. long. Leaves succulent, varying from linear to obovate, but commonly 

 spatulate, 1-4 cm. long, obtuse, narrowed to a thick petiole; spikes mostly m pairs sometimes 

 3 to 5 often 6-12 cm. long; calyx-segments ovate-lanceolate, acute, 2-3 mm. long; corolla 

 3-5 mm. long, white with violet-purple eye on the throat; stigma glabrous; stamens included, 

 the anthers su'bsessile ; fruit subglobose, at length separating into 4 nutlets. 



Usually in more or less alkaline or saline places, Sonoran and Transition Zones; Washington south to southern 

 California, east across the continent and south into Mexico; widely distributed in all continents. Type locality. 

 "Habitat in Americae calidioris maritimis." Mar.-Oct. 



Two varieties more or less geographically distinct are usually recognizable in the Pacific States, but the 

 characters are not constant. 



Heliotropium curassavicum var. obovatum A. DC. Prod. 9: 538. 1845. (Heliotropium spathulatum-Rydb. 

 Bull Torrev Club 30- 262 1903.) Leaves spatulate to obovate; corolla white or slightly tinged with blue, 

 6-8 mm. and the limb about as broad; nutlets 2.5-3 mm. long. Eastern Washington, eastern Oregon and 

 northwestern Nevada, east to the Rocky Mountains. Type locality: "Columbia River, probably near the 

 Blue Mountains, Oregon. 



Heliotropium curassavicum var. oculatum (Heller) I. M. Johnston ex Tidestrom.Proc. Biol. Soc. 

 Wash 48- 42. 1935. (Heliotropium oculatum Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 58. 1904; H. spathulatum subsp. 

 oculatum Ew^n, Bull. S. Calif. Acad. 4: 56. 1942.) Middle cauline leaves oblanceloate to spatulate. smaller 

 lower and upper ones commonly oblong and acutish; corolla-limb about 4 mm. wide, the lobes white or bluish 

 and the throat with a violet-purple eye. Coastal northern Cahfomia. Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys to 

 Lower California, east to the Mojave and Colorado Deserts. Type locality: sand along the Russian River near 

 Healdsburg. Sonoma County, California. 



4. PECTOCArYA DC. ex Meisn. Gen. 279. 1840. 



Low often spreading annual herbs, with slender stems and narrowly linear leaves, 

 canescent with a close-appressed pubescence. Flowers scattered along the stems or 

 branches, on short pedicels, solitary in the axils. Calyx 5-parted, the lobes narrow, spread- 

 ing or reflexed in fruit. Corolla white, tube shorter than the calyx, lobes broadly oval, 

 the throat nearly closed by prominent crests. Stamens included. Style very short. 

 Nutlets flattened, thin, widely divergent either radiately or in pairs, their margins, at 

 least toward the apex, with a row of hooked bristles. [Name Greek, meaning combed 

 and nut, referring to the pectinate border of the nutlets.] 



About 10 species natives of western North America and Peru and Chile. Type species, Cynoglossum 

 lateriflorum Lam. 



Nutlets divergent in pairs; calyx-lobes not uncinate-bristly at apex. 

 Nutlets oblong or linear, the body without uncinate bristles. 



Nutlets not heteromorphic, all 4 wing-margined or toothed. 



Nutlets with margins pectinately toothed, the teeth ending in uncinate bristles on the sides, and 

 also bearing a tuft of uncinate bristles at the apex. 

 Margin of the nutlet very narrow or wanting, the teeth being nearly or quite distinct. 



Nutlets straight or slightly incurved, uncinate-bristly only at apex and base. 



1. P. Itnearts ferocula. 



Nutlets strongly recurved, the teeth along the sides subulate. 2. P. recurvata. 

 Margin of nutlet conspicuous, the teeth confluent at base. 3. P. platycarpa. 



Nutlets with margins entire or undulate along the sides, armed only at the apex with uncinate 

 bristles. ■*• -P- Pentcdlata. 



Nutlets heteromorphic, 1 of each divergent pair wingless, or merely margined, the other with a broad 

 somewhat incurved uncinate-toothed wing. 5. P. hcterocarpa. 



Nutlets orbicular or nearly so, both the body and the very thin conspicous wing beset with slender uncinate 

 bristles. 6. P. sctosa. 



Nutlets equally divergent, cuneate- or obovate-rhomboid ; calyx with uncinate bristles at apex. 



7. P. pusilla. 



