540 BORAGINACEAE 



clasping and oblong to lanceolate; panicles rather long peduncled, small, usually of only 2 or 3 

 short branches, villous-hirsute ; calyx 5-7 mm. long, lobes linear-lanceolate ; corolla blue, more 

 or less tinged with pink or brownish pink, tube 4-6 mm. long, limb about as broad ; nutlets widely 

 spreading, broadly obovoid, 7-9 mm. long, rounded on the upper surface and evenly and densely 

 covered with glochidiate spines. 



Open pine forests. Arid Transition Zone; Jackson County in western Oregon, and on the eastern slope of 

 the Cascade Mountains from Jefferson County south to northern Humboldt and Trinity Counties in the Coast 

 Ranges and to the central Sierra Nevada, California. Type locality: "Sierra Nevada, in the northeastern part 

 of California, Rev. Mr. Burgess, and Sierra County, J. G. Lemmon." May-Aug. 



3. Cynoglossum grande Dougl. Grand Hound's Tongue. Fig. 4177. 



Cynoglossum grande Dougl. ex. Lehm. Stirp. Pug. 2: 25. 1830. 

 Cynoglossum laeve A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2^: 188. 1878. 

 Cynoglossum grande var. laeve A. Gray, op. cit. ed. 2. 2^: 421. 1886. 

 Cynoglossum Austiniae Eastw. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 203. 1905. 



Perennial, stems erect, 3-8 dm. high, glabrous. Leaves basal or on the lower part of the 

 stem, ovate, 7-15 cm. long, mostly 5-10 cm. wide, long-petioled, glabrous or sparsely hirsutulous 

 above, rather densely so below ; panicle long-peduncled, loosely flowered ; calyx-lobes narrowly 

 oblong, more or less densely appressed-villous, 5-7 mm. long ; corolla deep blue, the tube often 

 purple, a little longer than the calxy-lobes, the lobes rounded; crests conspicuously lunate; nut- 

 lets depressed-globose, 5-6 mm. long. 



Open or shaded ground, Transition and Upper Sonoran Zones; southern Washington in Skamania and 

 Klickitat Counties, south mostly west of the Cascade Mountains and Sierra Nevada to San Luis Obispo and 

 Tulare Counties, California. Type locality: "Am. bor. occid." March-June. 



6. BORAGO [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 137. 1753. 



Hirsute or hispid annual or biennial herbs with alternate, entire leaves and blue 

 flowers in terminal leafy racemes. Calyx deeply 5-cleft or 5-parted. Corolla rotate, tube 

 very short, throat closed by scales, limb 5-lobed, the lobes imbricated, acute. Stamens 5, 

 inserted on the corolla-tube ; filaments dilated below, narrowed above to a slender appen- 

 dage; anthers linear, erect and connivent with a beak-like cone. Ovary 4-divided; style 

 filiform. Nutlets 4, ovoid, erect, attached by their bases to the flat receptacle; scar of 

 attachment large, concave. [Name Middle Latin, meaning rough hair, alluding to the 

 foliage.] 



A genus of 3 species, native of the Mediterranean region. Type species, Borago officinalis L. 



1. Borage officinalis L. Borage. Fig. 4178. 



Borago officinalis L. Sp. PI. 137. 1753. 



Stem erect, 3-8 dm. high, with ascending or spreading branches. Leaves obolng to broadly 

 obovate, 5-10 cm. long, rounded to acute at apex, uppermost clasping, lower narrowed to a 

 winged petiole; pedicels spreading or recurving, 2-5 cm. long; calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, 

 7-10 mm. long; corolla 15-20 mm. broad, bright blue; anther-beak dark purple, about 6-7 mm. 

 long ; nutlets 4 mm. long. 



An escape from gardens and sparingly naturalized in the Pacific States. Native of Europe. 



7. SYMPHYTUM [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 136. 1753. 



Erect, hairy, perennial herbs with thick mucilaginous roots. Leaves alternate or the 

 uppermost nearly opposite, and more or less clasping, the lower long-petioled. Flowers 

 yellow-blue or purple, in terminal, simple, or forked scorpioid racemes. Calyx deeply 

 5-cleft. Corolla tubular, slightly dilated above, 5-toothed or 5-lobed, the lobes short, the 

 throat with 5 crests below the lobes. Stamens 5, included; inserted on the corolla-tube; 

 filaments slender. Ovary 4-divided; style filiform. Nutlets 4, obliquely ovoid, wrinkled, 

 inserted by their bases to the flat receptacle ; scar of attachment broad, concave, dentate. 

 [Name Greek, meaning grow-together, because of its supposed healing virtues.] 



A genus of about 15 species, natives of the Old World. Type species, Symphytum officinale L. 



1. S3miphytum asperrimum Donn, Rough Comfrey. Fig. 4179. 



Symphytum asperrimum Donn ex Sims, Bot. Mag. 24: pi. 929. 1806. 



Stems erect, branched, 6-10 dm. high, from a thick deep root; herbage pubescent with rather 

 stiff recurved hairs. Leaves &-20 cm. long, ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, long-acuminate 

 at apex, narrowed at base, all but the uppermost petioled, the petioles often narrowly winged ; 

 flower-clusters rather loose ; calyx 4 mm. long ; corolla bluish purple, 12-15 mm. long. 



Sparingly naturalized in the Pacific States: Whatcom County, Washington, and Humboldt County, Cali- 

 fornia. Native of Europe. May-July. 



8. LYCOPSIS L. Sp. PI. 138. 1753. 



Bristly hispid annual herbs with alternate leaves, and small blue flowers in leafy- 

 bracted spike-like scorpioid racemes. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla salverform and slightly 



