478 HYDROPHYLLACEAE 



1. HYDROPHYLLUM L. Sp. PI. 146. 1753. 



Erect, pubescent or glabrate perennial (in ours) herbs from horizontal rootstocks, 

 bearing fleshy-fibrous or tuberous roots. Leaves basal and alternate, pinnately divided to 

 pinnatifid, the cauline lobed or divided, petiolate. Flowers several to many in terminal, 

 open to capitate cymes, pedicellate. Calyx divided nearly to the base, the lobes subequal, 

 the sinuses naked in ours. Corolla greenish or white to purple or violet, or white and 

 marked with violet, deciduous, campanulate to subpelviform, divided to the middle or be- 

 low, longer than the calyx. Stamens exserted, equal and equally inserted on the corolla ; 

 appendages linear, a pair bordering each filament, one edge free, ciliate. Style exserted, 

 shallowly bifid. Mature capsule membranaceous, unilocular, loculicidally dehiscent. 

 Ovules a pair on the front of each of the two large parietal placentae. Seeds 1-3, sub- 

 globose, brown, reticulate. [Name Greek, meaning water and leaf.] 



A genus of 8 species of the eastern and western United States and adjacent Canada. Type species, Hydro- 

 phyllum virginianum L. 



Plants usually tall; rhizome conspicuous, often scaly, bearing fleshy-fibrous roots; anthers linear-oblong, 1-2 mm. 

 long; leaflets variously cut to entire, but usually toothed on the lower edge. 



Leaves ovate to suborbicular, pinnately divided to somewhat pinnatifid, the leaflets usually 5, occasionally 7-9; 

 cymes lax in flower, the pedicels 3-12 mm. long. 1. H. tenuipes. 



Leaves oblong to oblong-oval, pinnatifid, the leaflets 7-19; cymes subcapitate in flower, the pedicels 2-8 mm. 

 long. 



Leaflets acuminate, the teeth usually 8-12, acuminate; cymes lax in fruit. 2. H. Fendleri. 



Leaflets obtuse to abruptly acute, the teeth usually 3-6, obtuse to acute; cymes compact in fruit. 



3. H. occidentale. 

 Plants usually low; rhizome very short, bearing a fascicle of fleshy, finger-like roots; anthers short-oblong, 0.6-1 



mm. long; leaflets entire or toothed, incised, or divided only at apex, not toothed on the lower edge. 



4. H. capitatum. 



1. Hydrophyllum tenuipes Heller. Pacific Waterleaf. Fig. 4042. 



Hydrophyllum tenuipes Heller, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 582. 1898. 

 Hydrophyllum tenuipes var. viride Jepson, Man. Fl. PI. Calif. 811. 1925. 

 Hydrophyllum viridulum G. N. Jones, Univ. Wash. Pub. Biol. 7: 175. 1939. 



Plants 2-6 dm. tall, the stems retrorse-hispid, the rhizome bearing fleshy-fibrous roots. 

 Leaves semi-orbicular, 8-20 cm. in diameter, pinnately divided, the principal divisions 5, ovate- 

 lanceolate to ovate, 5-10 cm. long, the lowest pair usually distinct and often 2-parted, or all con- 

 fluent, the terminal 3-cleft, all coarsely serrate or incised with ovate lobes, sparsely strigose on 

 both surfaces; cymes several, open, the pedicels 5-12 mm. long; calyx-lobes linear to linear- 

 subulate, 4-7 mm. long, 0.5-1 mm. broad, strigulose to glabrate on the back, hispid-ciliate ; 

 corolla cream, greenish, purple, or blue, 5-7 mm. long, the lobes oblong, 3-4 mm. long; style 

 exserted 5-10 mm.; capsule 3-5 mm. in diameter; seeds 1, yellowish to reddish brown, about 

 3.5 mm. in diameter. 



Moist, shaded ground. Humid Transition Zone; Vancouver Island and northern Washington, west of the 

 Cascade Range, to Mendocino County, California. Type locality: along the Chehalis River at Montesano, Wash- 

 ington. April-June. 



2. Hydrophyllum Fendleri (A. Gray) Heller. Fendler Waterleaf. Fig. 4043. 



Hydrophyllum occidentale var. Fendleri A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 10: 314. 1875. 

 Hydrophyllum Fendleri Heller, Plant World 1 : 23. 1897. 



Plants 2.5-9 dm. tall, the stems retrorse-hispid, the rhizome bearing fleshy-fibrous roots. 

 Leaves oblong to oval, 6-30 cm. long, 5-20 cm. broad, pinnatifid, the principal divisions usually 

 9-13, ovate to lanceolate, acuminate, 2-12 cm. long, the lower pairs usually distinct, the upper 

 confluent, all coarsely serrate to incised with ovate-lanceolate lobes, strigose on both surfaces ; 

 cymes one to several, open, the pedicels 2-6 mm. long; calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, 4-6 mm. 

 long, 1-2 mm. broad, sparsely strigose and often hispid on the back, ciliate with flattened hyaline 

 hairs, nearly equaling the corolla; corolla white or violet, or white and marked with violet, 

 6-8 mm. long, the lobes 3-4 mm. long ; style exserted 5-7 mm. ; capsule about 4 mm. in diameter ; 

 seeds 1-3, light brown, 2.5-3 mm. in diameter. 



Moist, shaded ground. Transition and Boreal Zones; southeastern Washington, northeastern Oregon, and 

 adjacent Idaho; east to the Rocky Mountains from Wyoming to New Mexico. Type locality: Santa Fe Creek, 

 New Mexico. May-July. 



Hydrophyllum Fendleri var. albifrons (Heller) J. F. Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. No. 49: 23. 1917. 

 (Hydrophyllum albifrons Heller, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 267. 1898; H. congestum Wiegand, Bull. Torrey Club 

 26: 136. 1899.) Stems, peduncles, petioles, and pedicels hirsutulous; leaves paler beneath with short, soft hairs; 

 calyx-lobes 3-S mm. long, strigulose with soft hairs on the back, weakly ciliate, much shorter than the corolla; 

 corolla 7-10 mm. long. Cascade Range, from northern California to British Columbia; Olvmpic Mountains; 

 southeastern Washington and northeastern Oregon to adjacent Idaho. Type locality: Lake Waha, Nez Perce 

 County, Idaho. 



3. Hydrophyllum occidentale (S. Wats.) A. Gray, California Waterleaf. 



Fig. 4044. 



Hydrophyllum macrophyllum var. occidentale S. Wats. Bot. King Expl. 248. 1871. 

 Hydrophyllum occidentale A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 10: 314. 1875. 

 Hydrophyllum Watsonii Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40: 478. 1913. 



Plants 1-6 dm. tall, the stems densely short-pubescent to somewhat retrorse-hispid, the 



