WATERLEAF FAMILY 479 



rhizome bearing fleshy-fibrous roots. Leaves oblong, 3-30 cm. long, 3-15 cm. broad, pinnatifid, 

 the principal divisions 7-15, broadly oblong to ovate, 1.5-7 cm. long, all mcised or lobed (rarely 

 entire) with ovate lobes, strigulose above, paler beneath with dense, fine, subappressed hairs; 

 cymes one to several, globose, the pedicels 2-5 mm. long ; calyx-lobes narrowly lanceolate, 3-4 mm. 

 long 1-2 mm broad, strigulose on the back, hispid-ciliate ; corolla violet to white, 7-10 mm. 

 long! the lobes 4-6 mm. long, oblong ; style exserted 5-8 mm. ; capsule about 4 mm. in diameter ; 

 seeds 1-2, brown, about 3 mm. in diameter. 



Moist soil in oak or coniferous woods, Transition and Boreal Zones; western Oregon to central California in 

 the Coast Ranges, and in the Cascades and Sierra Nevada to the Tehachapi Range, eastward to Idaho, Nevada, 

 Utah, and Arizona. Type locality. California. May-July. 



4. Hydrophyllum capitatum Dougl. Woollen-breeches. Fig. 4045. 



Hydrophyllum capitatum Dougl. ex Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 273. 1835. 



Plants 1^.5 dm. tall, the stems very short, spreading-hirsutulous, the short rhizome bearing 

 a fascicle of fleshy-tuberous, finger-like roots. Leaves ovate to oval, 5-12 cm. long, 3-12 cm. 

 broad, pinnately parted or divided, the principal divisions 5-7, obovate to oblong or lanceolate, 

 2-5 cm. long, the lower pair distinct, the upper or all confluent, the larger cleft or divided into 

 oblong, entire lobes, appressed-hirsutulous ; cymes one to several, globose, the peduncles 1-5 cm. 

 long, conspicuously shorter than the leaves, the pedicels 2-5 mm. long ; calyx-lobes linear-oblong, 

 3-4 mm. long, 0.5-1.5 mm. broad, densely appressed-hirsutulous on the back, ciliate with flat- 

 tened hairs ; corolla purplish blue to white, 5-9 mm. long, the lobes oblong-obovate, 3-5 mm. 

 long; style exserted 5-10 mm.; capsule about 4 mm. long; seeds usually 2, light brown, 2-3 mm. 

 in diameter. 



Moist soil in sagebrush or coniferous woods. Upper Sonoran Zone to the Boreal Zones; mountains, central and 

 eastern Washington and Oregon to British Columbia, Alberta, and Colorado. Type locality: ' in the interior ot 

 Columbia in North-west America." May-July. 



Hydrophyllum capitatum var. Thompsonii (M. E. Peck) Constance, Amer. Midi. Nat. 27: 726. 1942. 

 (Hydrophyllum Thompsonii M. E. Peck, Torreya 28: 55. 1928.) Cymes globose even in fruit the peduncles 

 5-20 cm. long, conspicuously exceeding the leaves; filaments sparsely villous to nearly glabrate. Columbia Kiver 

 gorge and vicinity in central Washington and Oregon. Type locality: Multnomah Falls, Multnomah County, 

 Oregon. 



Hydrophyllum capitatum var. alpinum S. Wats. Bot. King Expl. 249. 1871. {Hydrophylhim alpestre 

 Nels & Kenn. Muhlenbergia 3: 142. 1908.) Nearly acaulescent, with abundant, spreading pubescence; cymes 

 borne near the ground, much shorter than the leaves, open at least in fruit, the peduncles 1-5 cm. long, the 

 pedicels 5-20 mm. long, spreading or reflexed. Northern Great Basin, northeastern California and southwestern 

 Oregon to Idaho, Nevada, and Utah. Type locality: "East Humboldt Mts., Nevada." 



2. PHOLISTOMA Lilja ex Lindbl. Bot. Notiser 40. 1839. 



Prostrate or reclining, succulent, annual herbs, the stems brittle, angled, and the angles 

 prickly. Lower leaves opposite, the upper alternate, pinnately divided, petiolate, the 

 petioles often winged and clasping. Flowers solitary in the axils and several in open, 

 terminal cymes, pedicellate. Calyx divided nearly to the base, the sinuses armed with a 

 sepaloid auricle, or naked. Corolla white, blue, or violet, deciduous, pelviform to sub- 

 rotate, lobed about to the middle, longer than the calyx. Stamens included, equal and equally 

 inserted on the corolla ; appendages broad and triangular to minute or reduced to glands, 

 a pair to each filament. Style cle^ft less than one-half. Mature capsule unilocular, globose, 

 exceeded by the enveloping or stellate-spreading, accrescent calyx, loculicidally dehiscent. 

 Ovules 2 to several on the front of each of the two large parital placentae. Seeds usually 

 1-6, globose, light brown, regularly alveolate or reticulate. [Name Greek, meaning scale 

 and mouth.] 



A genus of 3 species of the southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico. Type species, Nemophila aurita 

 Lindl. 



Foliage green; calyx with conspicuous auricles, enveloping the mature capsule; capsule 5-10 mm. in diameter. 

 Cauline leaves auriculate-clasping; corolla-scales broad and conspicuous. 1. P- auritum. 



Cauline leaves with narrowly winged but only slightly connate petioles; corolla-scales narrow and inconspicu- 

 pyg 2. p. racemosum. 



Foliage glaucous; calyx without auricles, stellate-rotate under the mature capsule; capsule 2-4 mm. in diameter. 

 ^ " 3. P. membranaceum. 



1. Pholistoma auritum (Lindl.) Lilja. Common Fiesta-flower. Fig. 4046. 



Nemophila aurita Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19: pi. 1601. 1833. 

 Pholistoma auritum Lilja ex Lindbl. Bot. Notiser 40. 1839. 

 Ellisia aurita Jepson, Fl. Calif. 3: 236. 1943. 



Stems 2-12 dm. long, sparingly hispidulous. Lower leaves oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 

 8-15 cm. long, 2-8 cm. broad, acuminate at apex, cordate at base, the divisions 7-13, oblong or 

 lanceolate, falcate or retrorse, hispidulous on both surfaces, the petioles broadly winged and 

 auriculate-clasping ; flowers solitary, or 2-6 in cymes ; calyx-lobes lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 

 4-8 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. broad, the auricles 1-2 mm. long; corolla 1-3 cm. broad, lavender to 

 blue or violet with darker markings, the lobes oval to obovate, the tube paler, coarctate at the 

 throat; appendages purple, triangular, the free edge often fimbriate, the yellow nectaries con- 

 spicuous; style about 5 mm. long; capsule 5-10 mm. in diameter, enclosed by the calyx; seeds 

 1-4, 2-3 mm. in diameter. 



